Tuesday, May 8, 2012

Mind/Body and The Good life

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Are we moving closer to, or further away from ancient philosopical conceptions of the good life?


A common theme in all the philosophical writings I have read is -action out of necessity. In modern society the emphasis surrounding the fulfillment of unnecessary and excessive desires is overwhelming, therefore it may be concluded that we are living lives of akasia, living the bad life.


“What if we are dead and the body is a tomb?’”


Plato believed that the physical world was an illusion. Descartes thought a malicious demon laboured tirelessly to decieve our physical senses. Nietszche saw the body as a weak shell hindering us on our journey to self-control. Mind over body has long been profered as the key to living virtuously. It is obvious that we cannot ‘live’ without the body. But we cannot live life in constant slavery to it either.





In the Gorgias Callicles argues the opposite, that self-indulgence signifies a happy existence. He argues that seeking to have the lions share of things is important because our command of the material world is the measure of our power. He appeals to ‘natural law’ and proposes that our need to survive justifies actions that would be held in contempt of societies egalitarian conventional laws. I believe Callicles’ selfish individualistic egoism typifies the common perception of the good lfie. Money is the symbol of this corruption of rationality, doesn’t seem absurd that one can spend their entire life in pursuit of such a insignificant material thing? Socrates argued in the republic VI that justice is only useful when money is useless. Plato also saw justice as being the quintessential human virtue. In today society it is not justice but money that identifies ones worth. This crude and deceptive metaphor for success, should be recognized as nothing but a token in a token economy. Like the body it is perhaps folly to ignore money, but by excercising self-control we may escape the consumeristic spider web that has been inevitably been spun out of globalisation and economic growth and live a just and balanced life. Socrates’ metaphor of the jars does indeed suggest that we must pay some attention to our desires(otherwise why would one need to fill the jars at all?), however it must remain a secondary task to the nourishment of the mind, through knowledge which is good. Society has rejected this idea, instead succumbing to pleasures bought on by violence and destruction, this weird idea that because death reminds you that you are alive, killing is necessary. I believe that this idea is not so far off the point. As in Camus’ Outsider where the main character muses over the absurd conclusion that life is validated by death, however it is not the death of others that we must come to realise. It is our own mortality that is important.


Death has been veiled in a soft cloak, instead of embracing this inevitable fate most ignore it. The struggle to prevent that which is inevitable is foolish, yet with such emphasis placed on liability one could be forgiven for concluding that giving birth should be criminal because it causes death. This fear of the unknown creates a painful and anxious burden in our epistemological subconscious. We have limited options when it comes to dealing with this problem due to our subjective isolation as is pointed out by Sartre. Rational analysis suggests that our life is indeed unique the ubiquitous paradox of the finite and eternal. Should our inescapable situation render us incapable of anything but stoic apatheia, a indignant recognization of nothing? Epicurus thought that the key to happpiness was obviously pleasure, by which he meant that we should live with an absence of physical pain and mental anxiety.


Recently science has unearthed the disturbing possibilty that the mind and body are one, which makes the concept of self-control absurd. If mind and body are the same, who else can be in control of ourselves but us? none


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