Thursday, May 17, 2012

Drag

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Cl V (m/S) Cd S (m^) Density (Kg/m) Cdo Dp (N/m) Di (N/m) Dt (N/m)


1.4 6 0.1574 6.8 0.8776 0.0 41.551 18.65 64.04


1. 0.16 6.8 0.8776 0.0 506.47 1580.16 086.66


1 4 0.05 6.8 0.8776 0.0 615.67 14.001 14.64





0.8 48 0.0716 6.8 0.8776 0.0 767.017 106.85 181.055


0.6 55 0.054 6.8 0.8776 0.0 1007.85 785.685 17.68


0.4 67 0.0404 6.8 0.8776 0.0 144.778 518.187 01.68


0. 5 0.06 6.8 0.8776 0.0 005.06 60.451 65.658


Where


· Cl = Coefficient of Lift


· V = Velocity


· Cd = Coefficient of Drag


· S = Surface Area of Wing


· Di = Induced Drag


· Dp = Profile Drag


· Dt = Total Drag





Calculation of one point


Using Data points CL = 1.4


V = 6 m/s


CD = 0.0 + 0.065 CL²


Therefore Cdo = 0.0


K = 0.065


Dp = 0.5 ñ V² S Cdo


= 0.5(0.8)(6²)(7)(0.0)


= 41.55 N/m ________________ (Profile Drag)


Where


· ñ = 0.8 kg/m³


· S = 7 m²


Di = 0.5 ñ V² S K CL²


= 0.5(0.8)(6²)(0.065)(1.4²)


= 18.65 N/m ________________ (Induced Drag)


DT = Dp + D I


= 41.55 + 18.65


= 64. N/m _________________ (Total Drag)


Drag Bucket


The ‘Drag Bucket’ is also known as the total drag curve. It is called this because as with a bucket the total drag curve decreases, gets to a minimum point then increases beyond this point, hence looking like a bucket.


The ‘Drag Bucket’ illustrates how at low speeds the most influential factor on an aircraft in terms of drag is the induced drag. This means that at low speeds the shape of the aircraft is not the most limiting factor, but rather the side effects of creating lift, i.e., induced drag creates the most penalties on an aircraft.


The minimum point on the ‘Drag Bucket’ corresponds to the speed to be flown for minimum drag. This means the speed that will give the aircraft the best range.


As the speed increases beyond the point of minimum drag the total drag increases. This means that profile drag is starting to become the most influential factor to do with the aircraft in terms of drag. This means if the aircraft is to be flown faster than this point streamlining and skin friction becomes an important factor, i.e., profile drag.





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