Thursday, July 12, 2012

Canturbury Tales

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Term Paper

Marriages Canterbury Tales

Throughout Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the marriages in the stories are as different and as intertwined as the pilgrims themselves who told of these tales. The diversity amongst the marriages was well illustrated by the following tales, The Wife of Bath, Alisoun’s departure from the standard beliefs, whose principle was that the wife should rule the husband for a happy marriage. The Clerk, Walter, showed the accepted and traditional view of the husband as the master over the wife. The Merchant as depicted by January showed personal bitterness towards women and in the Franklin’s Tale, Arveragus and Dorigen idealized mutual love and honor between husband and wife.

The Wife of Bath. “Of husbands at church door have I had five” (11), “welcome the sixth whenever come he shall” (1). Alisoun was thought to be a loose woman, almost trampish but her feelings were so, “I am free to wed, in God’s name, where it pleases me” (1). She had three good husbands, all of which were old and rich who treated her well and she picked them clean, her other two husbands were bad. Her fourth husband had a mistress so Alisoun pretended to be unfaithful as well, an sent him to his grave. “But certainly I showed so gay a soul that in his own thick grease I made him fry for anger and for utter jealousy. By God, on earth I was his purgatory” (4). The fifth husband though she loved him the best was the one that beat her. After striking her for tearing out a page in his cursed book, seeing how she lay so helpless he said, “O my dear sister Alison, so help me God, I’ll never strike you more” (). “My own true wedded wife, do as you please the term of all your life, guard your own honor and keep fair my state after that day we never had debate” (). Alisoun believed that the woman should be the master of the relationship, “Who shall be both my debtor and my thrall and have his tribulations therewithal Upon his flesh, the while I am his wife, I have the power during all my life over his own good body, and not he” (15).




Meskel

The Clerk. The Noble Walter enjoyed his freedom as a bachelor, but his people implored him to wed and beget an heir. He agreed as long as the choice of a wife was entirely his. He choose Griselda the daughter of Janicula a poor farmer. Before he takes Griselda for his wife, he says to her, “I say this Are you ready with good heart to grant my wish, and that I freely may, As I shall think best, make you laugh or smart, and you to grumble never, night or day? And too, when I say “yea” you say not “nay” By word or frown to what I have designed. Swear this, and here I will our contract bind” (84). Griselda responded, “My lord, unsuited, unworthy Am I to take the honor you give me here; But what you’d have, that very thing would I. And here I swear that never willingly, In deed or thought, will I you disobey, To save my life, and I love life, I say” (84).

Two years into the marriage Griselda bears a daughter. To test her obedience towards Walter he sends a servant to take away the baby presumably to her young death. Griselda accepts this without any kind of confrontation. Several years later she bears a son, again her baby is taken away and again Griselda accepts this type of manipulation from Walter. Eventually Walter sends Griselda away telling her he is to wed a new, younger bride that he has already sent for. In reality he is really sending for his two children who are now 1 and 8. Griselda leaves without dispute to go back to live with her Father, but Walter asks Griselda to stay and ready the castle for the wedding, as no one else knows his likes and dislikes as she does and she does so obligingly. When she has accomplished all that has been asked of her and she is on her way back to her Father, Walter tells her that she has passed his “tests” and tells her that the two children are hers that were taken away as babies. Walter than takes Griselda back as his loving wife, and of course she takes him into open arms.



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Business Coursework- Setting up an business

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Report

To From

Date 4th February 00

Introduction




As part of my GCSE Business Studies Coursework assignment Marketing Strategies (London Board syllabus 150), I have researched into the potential opportunity to set up a sports shop in Leytonstone. I have decided to call my sports shop, “The Sports Centre”. I would be looking to sell all types of sports equipment ranging from jerseys to balls to sports protection and trainers.

Action Plan

I have drawn up an action plan so that I can approach the task or product in an organised fashion to help me monitor my coursework and progress.

Business Objectives

My business objectives for the first year is to simply break even and survive. I am aiming to make a good business image in Leytonstone so that I will attract more customers and therefore make a profit hopefully the following year. If I make a profit the first year then that would be a great achievement because it will show that my business has been a success. I am looking to provide a good service to make a good public image so that the customers will be satisfied and word of mouth will spread about my sports shop. Eventually, I will be looking to expand my business and maybe set up another branch. I want to be the biggest sports shop in the market and be of the highest quality. I will also be looking to add new departments to my shop such as a new name-printing department.

Location of Proposed Business

When I chose the location of my business I would have to consider if the environment would suit my business. I would have to keep in account of what my business objectives are. My new business will be welcomed in Leytonstone as I have found out from my survey (see results).

I have chosen to be situated in Leytonstone High Road in Leytonstone. This is a busy road and is in the middle of the town shopping center so this would attract the customers. The shop is large enough to fit all the products such as jerseys, balls, footwear, equipment, etc into it. There is also a fair sized storage room, which will be adequate.

My business would appeal to the younger generation being teenagers and students. At an age of 1-5, sports is a great interest to them and I would feel that they would be the greatest customers. There are local schools situated near my business- Leytonstone High School, Norlington School and Connaught School. These schools have students ranging from 11-18 year old; this category of students is the most popular group of people who are interested in sports. These schools have a strong sports programme so therefore my shop would appeal to them because my shop is local to the schools.

Legal Identity

I am going to become a sole proprietor instead of a partnership, which I was considering but after looking at the advantages and disadvantages of each type of business, I have chosen to become a sole proprietor.

Advantages of a sole proprietor

· Small start up costs- it is simple and inexpensive to start up a sole proprietorship.

· Profits are all kept- I do not have to share any profits by distributing wages to staff or anyone else.

· Flexibility- I get to decide when I am opening and I get to make all of the decisions by myself.

Disadvantages of sole proprietor

· Unlimited liability- if I do no succeed then I stand to lose everything I own.

· High risks- the chances of succeeding in a sole proprietorship are very slim and chances are that I will not succeed because of competition.

· Difficult to raise capital- it is sometimes difficult to raise all the money by yourself.

· Lack of continuity- if the owner dies then the business dies as well.

Advantages of a partnership

· There is limited liability- I do not stand to lose everything if the business does not work.

· Each partner may specialize in different parts to run a successful business.

· Other partners may make the business more profitable.

· It is easier to raise the capital.

Disadvantages of a partnership-

· You do not get to keep all of the profits.

· Maybe disagreements.

· You do not get to make all of the decisions by yourself.

· Resentment that one partner is not doing his or her share of the work.

I do not want to share my profits in a partnership so a sole proprietorship would suit me and be ideal. Another reason why I want to become a sole proprietor is because I want to be in total control of my business and I do not want anyone else to have any say in how my business is run. One factor that I took into consideration is the fact that I am risking losing everything if my business is unsuccessful- unlimited liability.

Sources of Finance

I will be using both internal and external sources of finance.

Internal

Day-to-day cash from the business.

Profits.

Trade Credit.

Selling assets

Depreciation

Owner’s funds

Personal assets

External

Bank loans

Hiring and leasing

Mortgage loans

Government loans and grants

Overdraft

Buying of shares in a PLC

Medium term loan.

My main source of internal finance will be my own personal funds from my family. My parents have lent me £5000 and I used part of my savings being £000.

My main source of external finance will be a bank loan from Halifax because they have a low interest rate for a loan of £5000. I have phoned the bank to see if I can get a short term business loan of £5000 over 1 year with the base rate of 4% and an interest rate of 1.8%. This had a lower interest rate than my other choice of bank being Barclays.

Barclays interest rate is 14.% so it is more expensive to take out the same price loan. The total that I would have to pay for a loan from Halifax is £5640 and the total from Barclays is £5710 so the difference being £70.

I will be paying back a total of £470 a month for 1 year. For Barclays I would be paying back £475 a month.

Insurance

I will be taking out public limited liability insurance so that if a member of staff or the public gets injured on the premises then I cannot be held liable for it. I will also be carrying building damages insurance so that if my premises get heavily damaged I will be covered and if any of my goods gets stolen.

What is marketing?

Marketing is finding consumers and their wants and desires and creating a product to satisfy those wants at a profit.

Market or Product Orientated

For my coursework I will be looking to see if I am going to do a product orientated approach or a market-orientated approach.

Product Orientated

This means that I will be looking to be making or selling a product and this would be the highest priority to me and then seeing if this will be popular amongst the consumers will be second. I would not be investigating the market first to see if there is any demand for it.

Market Orientated

This is where I do field research on the market to see if the product will be welcomed there and to see if there is any demand for it. It is to see what the consumers want before starting production

I will be taking on the market orientated approach and I will be conducting field research to see what the consumers want.

The point of market research is to find out how want people there are to buy its product and to find out what products are liked by the public and dislikes. Also to find out how much they are willing to pay and to check the local competition.

Field Research

Primary Research This is first hand information from market research surveys of consumers. Field researchers like street interviewers collect the data.

Examples of primary information are

§ Face to face interviews- this can be expensive but this is a good method.

§ Internet- emails can be sent to the recipients and this method is popular but usually has a low response rate.

§ Telephone Interviews- this is a quickly and cheap method but has a low response rate.

§ Printed Questionnaires- very popular method, cheap, questionnaires can be placed in newspapers and magazines.

§ Observation- trained observers can be used to study the consumer’s reactions to the product. Also to check competitors prices.

§ Panel Researchers- a group of people on a panel can be asked the same questions and responses can be checked through them.

Secondary Research this is information that already exists which comes from research done previously. It is also called desk research because most of the information is collected from sitting at a desk.

Examples of secondary information are

§ Newspapers

§ Books

§ Internet

I have chosen primary research using a questionnaire that I have designed. I prefer to do primary research because I feel that this method would be more accurate and it will provide more information.

The Marketing Mix

This consists of the 4 P’s

Place- my retail outlet will be situated in Leytonstone on the High Road. This is a fairly busy road because it is in the centre of the town shopping centre. Because it is in the middle of the town shopping centre it will attract customers. The premise is a fair size, it is big enough for me to operate my business in and it is suitable for my new business. There is not much competition in the area apart from a well-established sports shop called, “Monarch” which is situated down the other end of the high road.

Price- the type of pricing that I will be doing is competitive. This means that I will base my pricing upon how much the local competition sells their goods for and trying and make my pricing low enough to beat the competitor’s prices and make a profit. For example a football jersey in Monarch is £4. so therefore I will be looking to sell my jersey for £41. so I will attract customers and create a good public image. I cannot afford to take the prices down much lower because I will be risking making a loss instead of a profit, which is one of my business objectives and provide to provide good service. My prices will start off low to attract the customers buy then gradually increase a bit so I can reach a margin of safety and survive. This will be a short-term strategy that I will be doing so I can secure the market. By doing this I will get back the money that I spent on setting up the business- start up costs.

Product- there will be a large variety of products ranging from equipment to football jerseys and jerseys in general. If I expand I will invest in having extras such as name printing on jerseys and I may also decide to start selling sports videos.

Promotion- to help the promotion of my new business I will be looking to advertise in the local newspaper to attract local customers. The cost of an advertisement slot in the Leytonstone Guardian newspaper will cost me £00, which is well within my budget. My budget has a limit of £600 on advertisements. I will be looking to advertise using leaflets. I will be looking to buy 1000 leaflets for £150, which consists of colours. I will have £50 spare, which I will be looking to invest in my business. I picked the local newspaper to advertise simply because it is cheap and popular. My questionnaire shows that the Guardian is very popular and an advertisement in it costs £150 but in the Ilford Recorder costs £150. Because my shop is based in Leytonstone then I am going to concentrate on advertising in Leytonstone.

Also discounts will be given at first to customers and to students that go to local schools so I will achieve a good public image so therefore have more customers.

The advantages of promotion are

§ That it will help boost sales when they are low.

§ Gets new customers to try old products.

§ Gets people to use new products.

§ Encourages the purchasing of that type of brand.

Conclusion

I have met the main factors of the business to the best of my ability and I have planned and developed ideas to make my business a success in Leytonstone. I have put a lot of effort into my business in order for it to be successful. To make sure that I do everything that I can to make my business successful I have created and followed an action plan.

I have made a S.W.O.T and P.E.S.T analysis for my business. This is so that I can think for the future of my business and how I am going to prosper.

S.W.O.T Analysis

Strengths I have a fair deal of experience and knowledge on how to run a business and how they work due to my father is running a successful business.

Weakness My questionnaire is based upon the answers of only 0 people, which is not a great deal. I feel that it is not enough research. Monarch is already a well-established shop in Leytonstone so I will have some competition but I believe with my lower prices and advanced equipment will attract more customers. Because it is a well-established shop and has a good public image the customers might not be willing to try out my new sports shop so I will have to promote my business well.

Opportunity these are mentioned in my business objectives. One of the things I would do is to expand by opening up another branch to increase the profits. A name-printing department would also be opened.

Threats my only threat is a well-established sports shop called, “Monarch” on the High Road. Because this is down the other end of the High Road I feel that it will not affect my business too much so the competition is inferior and will not be so intense.

P.E.S.T Analysis

It is important for my business to consider these factors before beginning the marketing process because this will affect my business

Political I would have to consider the taxation- Corporation Tax. If the tax increases, then my profits will drop and sales will decrease. I would have to pay out more money on the tax therefore my profits will decrease because I will not have as much profit as before. I will only pay a substantiated amount of tax depending on how well my business is going. Because profit is my main objective I feel that I will have a to pay a fair amount of tax on my business because I will do whatever I need to do to survive.

Economic An issue that I would have to consider is the unemployment rate. If the unemployment rate is high then customers would decline therefore I would be losing money and my profits would decrease.

Social I would be looking to have mainly students in my shop so therefore such products as footwear like trainers would appeal to 1-5 year olds. There are more activities that require trainers such as clubs and gyms.

Technological Because trainers are even more popular, there are more styles being created and more materials being used. There are now specialised shoes that are used in specific activities.

Evaluation I believe that if my sports shop were opened then it would be a success because there is a lack of competition in Leytonstone except for Monarch.



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What have you learned about the Harlem Renaissance that you didn't know before.

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Over the past few years human cloning has become not only a political issue but also a great morale issue. Due to the advancement of technology in our modern scientific world, science has been able to explore and achieve with great leaps and bounds the ability to clone human life. It was only a few years ago that this might have seemed like science fiction, now it is a reality. Cloning has unlocked many questions and curiosities that were once impossibility. Scientists, politicians, and religious leaders argue the benefits, morals and the consequences to cloning. The argument still persists whether or not cloning is beneficial or will we suffer the ramifications of this type of reproduction. Before we decide on the outcome of this procedure we must first analyze the pros and the cons, because whatever the decision there will be a change to our future and mankind as we now see ourselves.

We have all seen the news, movies and read books on cloning. Yet we all perceive a very different definition. Some of us see cloning as an exact duplicate of life as a whole. Some of us see cloning as a way to save lives by reproducing our major organs for later use. The AMA defines cloning with medical terminology. For our purpose cloning is the production of tissue and organs by way of genetically engineered production of cells that will form that larger organism.

The argument has been made that the medical benefits from cloning will bring us out of the dark ages. We will cure cancer, replace defective hearts, kidneys, and lungs and rid mankind of most any illness that haunts us today. This is a very strong case however where do we stop, will we clone ourselves for harvest of human organs to extend our lives by creating and destroying another.




This is all so amazing as we could prevent species from becoming extinct and the possibility of brining back species already lost. We all have seen the movie Jurassic Park. Our farms would be bountiful and our livestock would be able to feed the world. We could have a future of a new beginning. This is only a small example of the good that could arise from our new cloning technology.

The other side argues that the disadvantages can be much greater than any gain that we could hope to expect. Many explore a world where a “black market” would thrive on human fetuses, loss of genetic variances, the cloning of the rich and famous and how about the infamous, such as Hitler and other men of history. Where would we stop, how far would we go? Religious experts feel that this is an act against God because God is the only creator. This new technology will unleash a darker side of humanity that we now do not know.

This new technology is far from perfection. The fertility rate is very low; just look at Dolly the lamb, where there were many trial and errors before she was produced. There are social and psychological impacts on society, as we now understand it. I have only given a few examples of what to expect in our future when we continue on this path of new frightening yet exciting cloning technology.

The complications and ramifications of this new age desire have caused the government to take action with the Cloning Prohibition Act of 17. This bill prohibits the implantation of cloned cells into humans for reasons of morality and spirituality. This bill led to a second bill the Human Cloning Act of 001. This would make all human cloning in the United States a federal crime.

I believe that the government stepped in because one of the major purposes of our government is to protect human life and at this time there were too many uncertainties to continue in this direction without governmental controls.

After examining both sides of the argument I have tried to remain unbiased, however I must and will take a side here. I feel very strong for the advancement of mankind and believe that if we develop the technology to improve ourselves than so be it. God has put us here for a reason and we as a curious species are always questioning everything. This is our growth process. I also feel that whether or not the benefits outweigh the negatives we must and should proceed in this direction. However we must do so with caution, scientific study and responsibility. I believe that without moving in any direction is not moving at all and thus we have defeated our purpose for being.





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Spirituality

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Spirituality even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Spirituality in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



In a vast world of different cultures and beliefs, we are united in one single goal.

That goal is to strive for better life, good health, better jobs, a good spouse, good crops, a better car, etc. For this better life we look up to a higher power to help us to reach our needs. In the American Heritage dictionary the definition of spirituality is, “ relating to or consisting of spirit, Ecclesiastical; sacred”. Most cultures call this spirit, “ God”. Gods in all cultures, from the earliest recorded evidence, have the same characteristics. Gods must be perfect, they are the omniscient originators of the universe, they are the principle objects of faith and worship, and they are of supernatural powers. I have chosen a portrait from the magazine, Christianity Today, December th, 00. The faces have eyes to show us that they see where they are going, but the faces are without features because they represent that all mankind is included in the goal of reaching a higher power with the help of the higher power. Evidence has been found that suggests that since the very earliest civilization, humans have looked to a higher power. There has to be some sense of guidance from someone that is trustworthy, someone who has never made a mistake, and someone who judges, punishes, and rewards human behavior. In early Mesopotamia, in the order of the governmental hierarchy, the diviners would interpret signs in the universe that they considered signs from the Gods. Events such as floods and droughts, winning and loosing wars, good crops and bad crops. These things would be signs to let them know if the Gods were pleased or angry. The diviners would converse with the high priests that would advise the kings. The kings were looked at as second in power under the Gods. Their life centered on pleasing their Gods for they lived in fear of making their Gods angry. In all beliefs, it is important to worship and look up to the Gods. The Mesopotamians built Ziggurats, which are temples to worship their Gods. It was expected of them to prepare big feasts for them. This was pleasing to the Gods and they were rewarded with an abundance in their crops, or winning a war, or in some way that was very important to them. The Mesopotamians worshiped their Gods out of fear, not love or mercy. They believed that the deity interfered with human behavior. There was a sense of belief but not salvation, and they believed that when they died they went to a place where there was neither reward nor punishment.

The Egyptian government was a theocracy. The Pharaoh was the leader of the people and must obey the laws of the Gods for the benefit of his people. Some rulers claimed to be divinities. His behavior set a guideline to benefit his people. Proper ethical and moral behavior prepared them for an abundance in the next life. The Egyptians believed that they had to pass a test of one of their Gods to be reborn into the after life. The spirit had to pass judgment and prove that the soul was free from sin, there was confession and then the heart was weighed against the feather of Maat, goddess of truth. If the scale balanced he or she would be admitted to the afterlife, if not they would be devoured into death. Egyptians would spend their whole life preparing for death. They lived a good clean life, and built elaborate tombs called pyramids to be buried in when they died. Everything of value would be buried in these tombs with them, even their slaves because they believed that these material things would pass with them. The Egyptians would build temples to worship their Gods.

Just as it was in antiquity, today people are still worshiping a God of some kind. Spirituality has withstood the test of time. It is such an important part of our lives. We have built temples to worship our God in. We have churches, or synagogues, or cathedrals, some sort of building for every different type of faith. People of all walks of life look to a higher power for guidance. If there was nothing to strive for we would wander aimlessly in the world, and we would be without order. If we didn’t have anything to work for there would be no meaning to life. People have to have something to believe in. This has been proven by the fact that throughout time, from the very beginning, there has been worship of some form, and it is still with us today.




In the Christian faith we believe that our God created the heavens and the earth. He created mankind to live on the earth with all other living creatures that are beneath our level of intelligence. We follow a book as our guide, and we communicate with him by prayer. The Bible tells us that God sent us his son to die for us so that we may have an ever lasting life. We have only to believe in our God and accept him as our savior and we will have eternal life in a place where there is no evil or suffering . We ask that he come into our heart and be our savior and we will have a spiritual relationship with him. He has said that if we do this all of our sins will be forgiven and we will enter into his kingdom when we die. There are no rituals that we must do, and it is free. It doesn’t cost a thing because our God sent his son, Jesus, to die for us on the cross and wash away our sins. When Jesus left us to go back up to heaven, he left with us a Holy Spirit to be the presence and power of God. We live by the guidance of this Holy Spirit and by the gifts the Holy Spirit has given us. We are not forced to do anything in this relationship, we are just asked just cooperate.

When we die, we will go to heaven where our God has prepared a home for us. A place where there is no sickness, and no strife, hunger or pain. We will continue to worship God for eternity.

In the three examples, I have presented the similarities in spirituality. There are numerous other types of worship out there from all different cultures, to numerous to mention. We all have the same idea. We all have the need to believe in something greater than ourselves, we all worship a higher power and look to them for guidance in our world. All of mankind have a common goal and that is to worship a God that will lead us and lift us up to a place where we want to be. A God that will give us love, peace, hope, and faith. This gives us something to believe in, a guideline to follow. We all see where we are going and it is open for every one to join in. When Jesus comes we will all be united in a kingdom with one God and this will complete the cycle.



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Pop Art Analyzed

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This excerpt had some insights, but overall, I found myself quite disappointed by it. Dedicated to attacking the viewpoint of creators of high-art standards with very little basis for such attacks, Ways of seeing seems to be filled with unspoken assumptions that are neither inherently obvious nor, easily understood from the context of the text.

For example, in the essay, Ways of Seeing seems to almost attack art history, spending time quoting and analyzing the works of Frans Hals, saying that it demonstrates mystification by focusing on technical aspects such as contrast and texture. However, Berger does not make clear why the privileged perspective of Hals work that focuses more on the nature of the painting itself than the message it conveys is less correct than some other way of interpreting Hals work. He claims such methods of explanation and analysis of art are tools of the “privileged ruling class” to enforce their advantage.

In Greenburg’s essay’s, he choosing to criticize art intelligently, dissecting the style by giving clear and defined examples of how each style represents itself. For example, regarding Avant Garde, he clearly defines what he is stating. Greenberg explains that the idea behind Avant-Garde is “superior consciousness”, which is basically a way of looking at criticism. Avant-Garde is able to look at society and criticize it’s flaws as well as strengths, developing a new subject for art. In the search for finding the “absolute” in life, the art world arrived at abstractionism and nonobjective forms of art. Avant-Garde creates something wholly new, calling for neither approval nor disapproval.

Greenburg explains how Kitsch on the other hand is more of a pop art. It looks at society and draws from it, trying to appeal to the masses by presenting itself as rash and unrehearsed, when in fact; it is nothing less than mechanical.






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Lambeau Field Renovations

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Lambeau Field Renovations � A Win For Green Bay

The Green Bay Packers have dominated the headlines in local newspapers lately and it has little to do with their dismal season that concluded a little more than four months ago. The headlines are now pointing towards renovation plans for their historic Lambeau Field. The Packers have asked Brown County to help with the funding of these renovations. This debate has drawn some negative reactions from the general public. For some time now professional sports franchises have been seen as greedy, fortune seeking businesses. The Packers seem to be the exception. They highly regard themselves as a fan friendly organization. The Packers seem to display some characteristics that few franchises have the ability to match. The fact that the Packers are the only publicly owned franchises in professional sports strengthens that claim. A billionaire owner is non-existent in this organization. However, in this rare case the public must exist. The renovations call for a larger seating bowl, a new pro shop, a new hall of fame, and a new stadium club, among other things that would aid in revenue for the Packers. Since the residents of Brown County will benefit most from the renovations, a small increase on sales tax will be laid upon them. The public is not alone; the Packers will also contribute a large amount of money to make this happen. The Packers have proposed a renovation plan essential not only for their organization, but also the city of Green Bay. It is the duty of the public to make these proposals a reality.

For the past year or so Packers President Bob Harlan has been hinting at the possibility that the Packers may need a new stadium or a major renovation to Lambeau Field in order to remain competitive in the National Football League. Many people began to believe that maybe this was the beginning of the end to Lambeau Field, which has been in use for the Packers since it was known as City Stadium until 165. For several months the topic was isolated within Packer headquarters. Finally, after the frustrating 1-000-football campaign in which the Packers finished a dismal 8-8 and failed to make the playoffs for the first time in seven years, the subject once again arose. Within weeks it was known that the intent of Harlan and the Packer’s organization was not to construct a new stadium, but to renovate their current field. Within a few weeks the plans for the renovations were unveiled.




An increase in seating capacity is the main level of concern. According to the Packers’ official website, Lambeau Field currently seats 60,80 fans. After the renovations are complete in 00, the stadium would have enough seating for roughly 71,000 people. 6,000 seats would be for general admission, an increase of nearly 6,000 from the current amount of 56,11. The other ,000 would be in the form of club seating and luxury suites. The proposal calls for ,060 indoor and ,00 more outdoor club seats. The new luxury suites would total 167.

The renovation plans also included expanding and improving the public concourses. During a Monday Night Football game two years ago, the concourse quickly became crowded after a majority of the capacity crowd surged into the area to escape a heavy rainstorm. The congestion got so bad that fans were calling 11 seeking medical assistance. In the proposal, a second story concourse will be added to where the expanded seating bowl is to be constructed. (

The construction of additional restroom and concession facilities is also a must. Currently, there are enough restrooms to accommodate ,000 fans a game. This means the current restroom capacity must be more than doubled. There are 15 concession areas located in the concourse. The renovation plan calls for the amount of concession areas to reach 8, and also a concession stand for every 150-club seats. The increase in restrooms and concessions will surely make the confines of Lambeau friendlier.

In an effort to acquire more revenue the Packers will also add a new atrium to the east side of the stadium. The atrium will be called “Titletown.” It will house the new 5,000 square foot Packer Hall of Fame, a larger Pro Shop, and Lambeau Field’s only stadium club restaurant. The current Hall of Fame is located across the street from the stadium; it alone attracts nearly 100,000 people per year. A Hall of Fame location within the confines of the stadium would make it more tempting to fans before and after games. Roughly 1,000 square feet of merchandising would be present in the Pro Shop. The current Pro Shop is located next to the Packer offices. The team feels business would benefit more for the Pro Shop if it too were located in the atrium. The stadium club would be an excellent place for people to meet before and after the game. The current Lambeau Field doesn’t have anything even remotely close to a stadium club. The club shouldn’t deter a lot of tailgaters because also in the proposal are new tailgating terraces. This will surely make the tailgating more desirable.

Since Lambeau Field is over 40 years old, many improvements need to be made to the structures holding the stadium in place. The Packers aren’t going to stop with just general improvements. The renovation calls for a new classic style brick exterior. This has been a common trend of many new stadiums that have been built recently. It will definitely add some character to a somewhat boring and plain current exterior. The city of Green Bay would be able to now boast a state of the art facility it currently lacks.

Green Bay is the smallest city of any professional sports franchises. No other city even comes remotely close to the size of Green Bay. In fact, Green Bay is the only city in professional sports that has a population under 100,000 people. Unlike New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago they can’t benefit from a large television market to help produce money. A billionaire owner such as Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen who owns the Seattle Seahawks isn’t available to help with funding. The city of Green Bay itself doesn’t have the large corporations that reluctantly make contributions for the organizations. Their stadium isn’t named after some business group such as Com Park in San Francisco. It’s not to say that someday Lambeau Field may share its name with Schneider National, the largest business in Green Bay. A business paying money for naming rights is a common trend and the Packers have not ruled out the possibility. Naming rights for stadiums can create millions of dollars for the organizations.

In 15, the Packers were th in the NFL in revenue, last year they dropped six places to 15th, and by 00 they could be dead last. Money is the issue right now. The total cost for the renovations is slated to be roughly $5 million. Out of the $5 million, private funds will account for $15. million of it; the other $16.1 million would come from public funding. Included in the public funding is of course the increase of 0.5% sales tax in Brown County. Meaning for every dollar spent instead of paying five cents for every dollar spent, the consumer would be paying five and a half cents. Brown County residents aren’t the only ones being affected by the increase. Consumers from other regions would also be paying a little bit extra on their purchases. The small increase is not going to be all that much to ask. The sales tax will account for about $160 million of the public funding. State infrastructure funding would account for the other $.1 million. Another possibility is the personalized Packer license plate. The Packers and legislature are proposing a license plate similar to that of the UW alumni program. There have been no predictions of how much revenue could be gained from this proposal. The license plate would be a good way for the rest of the state of Wisconsin to make a donation to Lambeau Field’s renovations.

As far as the private funding, a one-time user fee, more commonly known as a seat license would create $.5 million. What this means is that every season ticket holder must pay a one-time fee of $1,400 per seat. The fee may cause some ticket holders to relinquish multiple seats. That would allow some names to be dropped off the long waiting list. This doesn’t pertain to single-game general admission tickets, which may also be a possibility. A few years ago the Packers offered stock to the public, $0.4 million was raised. That $0.4 million will also be apart of the private funding. Finally, the other $1 million will come from an NFL loan. If the Packers would have chosen to build a new stadium the cost would have been up in the range of $480 million. An interesting statistic states that in comparison with other NFL stadiums, the Packers are lower than the average in both public funds and private funds. The average NFL stadium uses 66.5% of public funds and only .5% of private funds. The Packers are using only 57% from public funds and 4% from private funds. This means is that the Packers are paying more out of their own pocket than most NFL teams building a new stadium.

The Packers are not going to be the only business to benefit from an improved stadium. The commercial industry around the area will also benefit. The increase in seating means that roughly 10,000 more people will be in town every time that the Packers play. Summer training camps alone attract nearly 85,000 fans from all over the country. These people need places to stay and eat. Hotels and restaurants would benefit greatly from this. In a recent study released by the Green Bay Chamber of Commerce, the team has an annual economic impact of $145 million. Not to mention the number of jobs created by not only the Packers, but also the businesses surrounding the stadium. Car rentals, various retail stores, and bars all benefit from the thousands of people coming in town for games and training camps. These businesses need to hire more people just to stay on pace with the growth. The average spending is estimated to range from $ to $57 per person for each game alone.

The Packers have given back to the community in more ways than one. Over the past decade, the Packers have contributed $ million to various non-profit organizations via the concession operations. This means is that the Packers don’t profit fully from concessions, they allow other non-profit organizations to come in and sell concessions during games. The Packers have also donated $756,000 in charitable grants provided through the Green Bay Packers Foundation since its inception. Also in the past year alone, over 00 players and coaches have made appearances in the community. The Packers are truly unique in the ways they help the community. It would be a loss to everyone if the Packers weren’t in our area.

The Packers are laying the foundation for many more entertainment venues to come to the area. Oneida Casino was just a start for the city of Green Bay. Now another casino is looking to come into the area, whether or not it gets voted in, it still shows promise for the community. If the city of Green Bay wishes to grow beyond its current capacities, it needs to take full advantage of these proposals. Any person opposing this plan should take a hard look at the benefits behind this. It has been said that the state of professional sports is in shambles, but when a community can benefit as much as Green Bay can from this it should take full advantage of this.

The major opposing viewpoints are directed primarily at the millions of dollars the athletes are making. These people feel that if the organizations have enough money to pay the athletes that amount of money, then they can surely have enough to pay for their own stadiums. After all, most families seeking to build a new home do not ask taxpayers to fund their homes. It’s easy to say that blue-collar workers should not have to help pay for multi-millionaires. A simple answer to that question is; do doctors and medical researchers pay for their employment offices? With the current state of free agency, and the risk of injury, it would be impossible for players to pay for their own stadiums. The league would have to restructure salaries and salary caps. That would be a task in itself.

The Packers are asking a once in a lifetime favor by their request for public funding for their renovations. They have given a lot to their fans in terms of entertainment. If the Packers were to move on to another city or even if they lost their economic edge to compete, then Green Bay as a whole would lose. The Packers stand for everything that professional sports should stand for, and we are lucky enough to have them as our own. They don’t have a billionaire owner out to make his own fortune, they have us the community that thrives on watching them succeed and makes us proud to say that we are from Wisconsin. Green Bay taxpayers must vote in favor of the renovations. Keep the legacy of the Packers alive, as well as the community that supports them.



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Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear

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In asserting that scientific research, whose consequences are unclear, should not be supported by government, the author fails to acknowledge that it is not fair to give up searching for the cure of the century’s diseases such as AIDS by saying the research consequences are unclear. However, I agree with the statement to the extent that there are many important issues, which government must find a solution for it, such as pollution.

As the population of world increases without control, there are many important topics, which governments of all countries need to pay careful attention (must yerine bunu kullaniyorsun afferim). Pollution, traffic, sports facilities, jobless people, homeless people, uneducated people, the youth lost in sex and drug market are a few examples among these topics. A more problematic issue is that if governments do not take precaution for these issues, tomorrow would be harder than today to solve these problems. Therefore, it would be wiser to invest in these kinds of topics, which have clear solution, instead of funding several research areas, on which we do not expect good results with a big probability. A dramatic result could be obtained when a comparison of how much money the world lost for not solving the above mentioned topics and for funding scientific researches, which did not give clear results.

On the other hand, the century’s diseases such as AIDS do harm the economy of all of the countries in the world as well as do harm the lives of many families. A cure in AIDS would save billions of dollars in the world. For now, a research, which do not give meaningful results to us, might be meaningful to us with the next research results combined. Therefore, if the world’s best professionals want to work on AIDS for curing, the required fund could be reserved for them in some proper amount.

In some cases, the results of a study which was made decades ago could be used for today. For example, a coding theory took a very important place because of the high-tech computers. A mathematician, who wrote a paper about a new coding method, could not simulate his theory due to inadequate computer processer speeds. Later on, that theory was simulated by another person and that person became a very famous. Therefore, no one can know, whether the unclear results of a research could be clear in future or not. This means that a fund for research might be reserved all time whenever possible even if the results of that research are unclear.




In sum, a scientific research could be funded even if it has unclear results because nobody can know it would be a very useful result in the near future. In addition, the century’s diseases, such as AIDS, cause amazing damage to the world’s economy and any research made on AIDS could increase our chance to save us billions of dollars. On the other hand, there are many important topics, which world needs to solve immediately because every passing day, it would be harder to deal with those problems, such as pollution, jobless people, homeless people etc.



Mind that the sample papers like Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!