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Chapter 1
Critical thinking is a thought process that involves more than just thinking. Is a process in which you have to go into details and not just a simple assumption. Critical thinking involves many variety of different point of views. Is a deep thinking that would take you more than just five to ten minutes to think.
The usual thinking is a fast reaction toward the action that was just made. For example you might think that a kid at times behaves bad because he’s in a need of discipline. You already added a conclusion with out even including the body. That’s when critical thinking comes in. Maybe the kid behaves bad because he’s in need of attention or maybe he has an attention disorder. Whatever it is critical thinking would go deeper into the subject before assuming right away.
At time critical thinking can also be used with others point of views. The way you see something might not be the way that somebody else sees it. This means that someone can be right and the other can be wrong. Unless if your hardheaded, you would have to put yourself in the other persons shoes to see their point of view. Critical thinking does that. It helps you think not only by yourself, but with the help of others. At times the way you saw your point of view it would change since hearing there’s.
This process doesn’t take a few minutes, but it takes a while and a little if dedication while your at it. Is a deep thinking process that can help you to think before you speak. Critical thinking just contains four things and they are Comparison, relationship, testimony and definition. When you add this to your critical thinking it would glide easily through.
I think Mr. Goodman’s assumption might be that he cares for more the students success and not just the money the weekly money he’s making. As for the assumption he made that grades should be abolished, I would have to agree on that. A grade shouldn’t determine the level of intelligence you have. Nor, if you pass the class or not, but it should be in the effort and hardship you put into it. Making determinations like this puts students to drop out of school and have low self esteem.
Albert Stein was a genius man, but yet he was horrible in math. If he would’ve been now in days in school maybe he would’ve not passed college because he would’ve failed math with a letter grade of D or F. So than he wouldn’t come out to be the man he is. Every one is smart in their own ways and I think a letter grade can not measure your intelligence nor a grading system. But it should be the effort and dedication you put into it. Many teachers at times pass kids with an A because their work was nicer than the others, but yet they don’t know if they cheated or had someone to do it for them and the other who did failed while doing it him self and involving more dedication to it. So what happens they quite.
This would connect into having a low self esteem. When a kid starts to get F’s in all of their assignments, automatically he’s known to be stupid and other kids might make fun of him and not want to join him when is time to work in groups. At times teachers might put him with others in the group that arrange his same grade. How is it possible that this kid is going to grow up to be someone successful.
In conclusion, yes I do agree with Mr. Goodman, and in every proposal he has in abolishing the grading. A men like this shows interest for our future kids success. I think this should be brought into every ones concern.
When Goodman says “the great majority of professors agree that the grading hinders teaching” he offers evidences with collection of essays , “examining in Harvard college”.
The arguments that might be made that grading assists in teaching is that maybe at times teachers just give work from the book to read and answer the questions. I think the process of learning is to be helped and have someone to explain it to you carefully and with patience. Not every student is a fast learner. Therefore we should have teachers that would sit down and teach our students with intimidating them. At times iv seen teachers just give a grade to a student because they already know that is A student or an F student and suddenly assume there grade. Other times we might have the student who are into sports that need a passing grade and they have there coach talk to the teachers and many would give them that grade. How are students going to learn with out being teach.
I do think the Goodman should have made more arguments and shown weakness. Because I’m pretty sure we have out there many people who disagree with his theory. And they have to see it to believe it. By giving more examples it helps reader understand where he’s coming from and agree with his topic.
When Botstein mentions that “teachers may find themselves spending more than half the year teaching specifically for test” I think he is assuring that this is undesirable. For the reason it might cause problem with time issue, knowing that not everyone learns quick enough and that many might have problems in one topic and the others might have problem in another. These might be a problem while trying to teach the kids for a test on time ready and to get a good passing grade.
Time issue might be a good cause because a test is know to be around the corner and you as a teacher have to know exactly what to teach in time for everyone to learn for that test. Many time we have holidays or teachers work days that make it harder for the time limit and leaving kids incomplete. Other times it can be the hours that the student has in class, the majority of the time kids only have and hour or so in a class, not enough to teach many things. By the time all the students are in and you take role and you go over the last week assignments to make sure everyone understood you lost half of the class time.
Not every one is the same. There for many students can be quick learners than the other. Some kids are known to learn things right away while others need time and dedications. This makes students frustrated and intimated when it comes to testing. For the reason the teachers have to try to have all the class ready at the same time and while others student that are ready has to hold back or waste time for those who aren’t.
When it comes of wasting times to get students for the test, I believe Botstien is right. While trying to tech a test that you don’t even know that’s going to be helpful for the next level, your loosing many valuable time and money. I think they should teach what should help you understand the subject of now to get you ready for the next not a test to tell you if your ready or not.
When Botstien clearly disapproves of class rooms teaching based on “forced adherence to bland state - approved textbook” I think he assuring that all calls room teaching suffers from this fault. I think I text book doesn’t help you very much and at times many teachers don’t even use it. Iv also noticed that at sometimes even some of the answers are wrong. Back in high school all these problem or another would occur.
I think text book doesn’t help you very much because if you got the wrong or right answer and doesn’t explain to you why or how you got that answer. Unlike a computer you can research and is like a professor explaining to you step by step. In a text book it shows you a couple of examples and from them you have to assume how it was perform. Like I’ve said before not everyone has the same learning order some could use a book other need a tutor to help them do so.
I’ve had teachers who has even touched the books. I would just leave it at home and not even bother taking it to school. Many teachers has creative strategies by using computers, videos, or performances to help out the students. I think this is a better way cause it helps the student interact with the class and yet not be bored and want to leave.
As for the text book being wrong. There’s been times that one or more students have the correct answer but yet it doesn’t match the text books. And at times the teachers reply is “the text book has an error”. how would that be possible if these are book that are suppose to teach us, not us to them. Than again a human made or wrote that book so there for is not perfect. But overcoming it all we at times might being learning something wrong that in the near future will confuse us with our other work.
Botstien reply to the compliant that he never tells the reader what the point of test is and what advantages it has to over come an educational regimes, with no testing what so ever, is that kids might learn more, and not be so eagle to drop out or give up. These can be points that would over to have no testing.
I think with out a test kids would learn more because they would have more time to focus in variety of things and not specific things that are given out in a test. I think kids would not have to be intimated when it comes to learning or passing the semester. speaking for myself many times I can know my subject, but yet when a test comes my mind goes blank. At times I can over come this other times I fail the test and earn a bad grade for it. This shouldn’t even be an issue because a little test. Many times kids even cheat in test and there passing with out knowing anything. How would this help them later on in the future. At times they might cheat not because there lazy, but maybe they just don’t understand the work and for they wont fail the cheat.
When at times kids are giving test in order to graduate or not this makes them really nervous. Many kids after the first time quite and drop out of school, and many of those kids turn out to be delinquents when reality there bright and smart kids. A test can determine a persons life and yet not have nothing to do with them. So when he argues with no testing not because I’m only a student and see it upon myself, but because I have friends that have been to a similar situation (I said earlier), dropped out of school and now have kids with a part time job not making enough not even for the rent. All this because a test.
If I was the editor and I would print out one of these letter the letter I would choose would have to be the first one , where it explains that a test doesn’t improve the person you are. It also only “measures a small portion of a child’s intellectual”. This one caught my attention because it over comes who is the person in reality and it doesn’t teach you much and it measures in a destructive manner.
When she brought to my attention that she’s a mother of three kids , for starters she knows what she’s talking about and she’s had some experiences. I would have to agree that a test doesn’t improve who you are. It doesn’t teach how to become a better person. A test measures you or who your “suppose” to be, other smart or in need of help. It just lowers your self esteem and doesn’t bring out the best of you.
Also the test might show a portion of your smartness depending at the test, but in real life maybe you have another ability that the test doesn’t show you. You might be good in reading and maybe not so good in math. A test would not help you out with that and ho can both can relate and help you. It also doesn’t guide you to a future reference. It doesn’t show up when you need a job like she mentions in her letter.
I support her every evidence and would gladly print her article fir the news paper. She makes her points and lets us know how a test only not measures for education, but in the real world as well. I hope her point of view is brought up sooner or later to readers.
When she says that tests “encourage students to exert more effort” I think she means that they devote this extra effort in trying to be better. I think she means that when a students sees that they failed in a test, they want or make effort not to fail again. And this helps out because they were given a test.
I think they are trying to get better because they noticed that they probably didn’t out so much dedication in studying, so now they know next time if they don’t want to fail, they would have to put more effort into it. In a way that motivates them to know how they are doing in the class and it would be a challenge of whose doing better and whose not. In the end maybe the feel proud to know how much they accomplish by studying and receiving a good grade for it.
It also helps with the extra help because if they failed they would want to know why and seeing them selves near there classmates it would to put them in a category alike to them. So would give that little extra effort in doing so. It also would help there mind be entertain with school work and for other classes ot would be a lesson not to get laid back again.
That’s what think when she mentioned that comment. This would only realte to me because I’ve been through and these were the reason why I improved in my test. I wouldn’t want to be left out. So therefore I’m sure she thought the same way when mentioning it.
Mind that the sample papers like critical thinking presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 13, 2012
Coming Home Again: Critical Analysis
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Coming Home Again: Critical Analysis even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Coming Home Again: Critical Analysis in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
How Kalbi Brought Him Back
In the essay Coming Home Again by Chang-Rae Lee, the author tells of his deep connection with his mother through food. Through Lee’s eyes, his mother is a woman whom he deeply loves and respects. She is very involved in his life. As close as she is involved in his life, the author implies that he and his mother are never particularly on the same level. Lee’s mother wants to give him an edge in life as an American by sending him to a boarding school in New Hampshire. In doing this however, Lee’s mother sacrifices the relationship she has with the author. The author, who is oblivious to his mother’s feelings at the time when he was away at Exeter, reevaluates at the end of the essay whether becoming successful in an American society is worth the time lost between his mother and his Korean culture. Through native Korean foods, such as “Kimchi”, and the simple preparation of the recipe “Kalbi,” the author feels as if he can truly relate to his mother and their culture. Lee conveys these ideas through the use of first person point-of-view, symbolism, and imagery.
By using first person point of view, the author makes the reader feel the bond between him and his mother on a more profound level. The author uses point of view most effectively when he describes the actual process of preparing food. “I would enter the kitchen quietly and stand beside her, my chin lodging upon the point of her hip. Peering through the crook of her arm, I beheld the movements of her hands”(450). The first person point of view gives the reader a sense of being in the same room witnessing the food preparation, which then in terms leads to the understanding of the author’s strong feelings behind cooking and his mother.
Symbolism plays an important role in this essay. The author includes the procedures of making the “Kalbi” to symbolize numerous things in the essay. Such things are the relationships of both mother and child to one another, some events that occurs and the characters in the essay as well. The phrase “with the point of her knife cut”(450) and “she thrust her hands in and kneaded the flesh”(450) symbolizes a conflict in the author’s relationship with his mother. The word “bone”(450) symbolizes the author himself and the “barest opaque layer of tendon” symbolizes the author’s relationship with his mother as being feeble. The way a part of the essay is written also mirrors the procedures in the recipe. Such likeness are seen in the phrase “She wiped her hands and took out a bottle of sesame oil, and, after pausing for a moment streamed the dark oil in two swift circles around the bowl”(450). The first paragraph on page 454 starts the two conflicts that the author talks about in the last part of the same paragraph and in the following paragraph. The wiping of hands, and taking out a bottle of sesame oil reflects how the author removes his childhood attitude and shifts to a teenage one, which is referred to as the “dark oil”, which is “dismissive and bitter”(454) The “two swift circles” represent the two conflicts the author does to his mother during his childhood. On one of the quotes the mother says while the author was observing her, “’the meat needs the bone nearby,’ she said, ‘to borrow its richness,’” tells us that the mother needs his son (the author) nearby, because that is the person she gets her happiness from. The phrase “She wiped her hands clean of the marinade”(451) symbolizes how the author tries to forget about the conflicts he and his mother had. On the other hand, he doesn’t forget about the wonderful moments he had with his mother, which is represented on the phrase “except for her little finger”(451). The phrase “which she would flick with her tongue from time to time”(451) symbolizes the author’s often visits to the highway where his mother died. And finally, the phrase “because she knew that the flavor of a good dish developed not at once but in stages” represents a portion of the essay showing how the author shows us how he develops the importance of his mother to him, which is stated on the following phrase, “but those years I was away at boarding school grew more precious to her as her illness progressed”(457). The recipe is a combination of the mother’s current life, the conflicts and how she succeeds in gaining the strong relationship between her and her son and through these, the author relates to his mother.
Lee uses imagery to an extent where situations in the essay give the reader a better feeling of what is occurring. One reason why he uses imagery is to relate to his culture. An example of this is in the scene where he and his parents were in the motel, and the author opens the container with radish kimchi, as shown in the following sentence. “I opened a container of radish kimchi and suddenly the room bloomed with its odor, and I reveled in the very peculiar sensation of simultaneously drooling and gagging as I breathed it all in” (456). These images show how Lee’s culture gradually conquers the atmosphere of the room. The food served in Lee’s welcoming dinner, found on the third paragraph on page 456, shows images of how his mother tries to bring their culture back to Lee’s mind through serving authentic Korean dishes. Another purpose of imagery in the essay is to show the death of the author’s mother. “He then heard a strange sound from her, a kind of muffled chewing noise, as if something inside her were grinding its way out.” This sentence shows Lee’s mother’s death that shows imagery that creates a mourning atmosphere. Most of the images that Lee includes in his essay are representation of how his culture slowly comes back to his memory, and how his mother’s death affects him.
Lee created his essay to commemorate his mother. He includes the conflicts to show how he treats his mother, the recipe to symbolize his mother’s current life with him, and to show how he manages to have a better bond in their relationship, and specific images to give the readers a better feel of the situation. The author’s main point in putting some Korean food was made is to show how those things eventually brought him back to his culture, even though his culture changed while going to school in America. On the other hand, his objective of writing the procedures of making Kalbi in detail is to represent his relationship with his mother. With the use of first person point-of-view, symbolism and imagery, the author manifests his purpose of relating to his mother and his culture through a simple yet meaningful recipe called Kalbi and other Korean dishes mentioned in the essay.
Mind that the sample papers like Coming Home Again: Critical Analysis presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
How Kalbi Brought Him Back
In the essay Coming Home Again by Chang-Rae Lee, the author tells of his deep connection with his mother through food. Through Lee’s eyes, his mother is a woman whom he deeply loves and respects. She is very involved in his life. As close as she is involved in his life, the author implies that he and his mother are never particularly on the same level. Lee’s mother wants to give him an edge in life as an American by sending him to a boarding school in New Hampshire. In doing this however, Lee’s mother sacrifices the relationship she has with the author. The author, who is oblivious to his mother’s feelings at the time when he was away at Exeter, reevaluates at the end of the essay whether becoming successful in an American society is worth the time lost between his mother and his Korean culture. Through native Korean foods, such as “Kimchi”, and the simple preparation of the recipe “Kalbi,” the author feels as if he can truly relate to his mother and their culture. Lee conveys these ideas through the use of first person point-of-view, symbolism, and imagery.
By using first person point of view, the author makes the reader feel the bond between him and his mother on a more profound level. The author uses point of view most effectively when he describes the actual process of preparing food. “I would enter the kitchen quietly and stand beside her, my chin lodging upon the point of her hip. Peering through the crook of her arm, I beheld the movements of her hands”(450). The first person point of view gives the reader a sense of being in the same room witnessing the food preparation, which then in terms leads to the understanding of the author’s strong feelings behind cooking and his mother.
Symbolism plays an important role in this essay. The author includes the procedures of making the “Kalbi” to symbolize numerous things in the essay. Such things are the relationships of both mother and child to one another, some events that occurs and the characters in the essay as well. The phrase “with the point of her knife cut”(450) and “she thrust her hands in and kneaded the flesh”(450) symbolizes a conflict in the author’s relationship with his mother. The word “bone”(450) symbolizes the author himself and the “barest opaque layer of tendon” symbolizes the author’s relationship with his mother as being feeble. The way a part of the essay is written also mirrors the procedures in the recipe. Such likeness are seen in the phrase “She wiped her hands and took out a bottle of sesame oil, and, after pausing for a moment streamed the dark oil in two swift circles around the bowl”(450). The first paragraph on page 454 starts the two conflicts that the author talks about in the last part of the same paragraph and in the following paragraph. The wiping of hands, and taking out a bottle of sesame oil reflects how the author removes his childhood attitude and shifts to a teenage one, which is referred to as the “dark oil”, which is “dismissive and bitter”(454) The “two swift circles” represent the two conflicts the author does to his mother during his childhood. On one of the quotes the mother says while the author was observing her, “’the meat needs the bone nearby,’ she said, ‘to borrow its richness,’” tells us that the mother needs his son (the author) nearby, because that is the person she gets her happiness from. The phrase “She wiped her hands clean of the marinade”(451) symbolizes how the author tries to forget about the conflicts he and his mother had. On the other hand, he doesn’t forget about the wonderful moments he had with his mother, which is represented on the phrase “except for her little finger”(451). The phrase “which she would flick with her tongue from time to time”(451) symbolizes the author’s often visits to the highway where his mother died. And finally, the phrase “because she knew that the flavor of a good dish developed not at once but in stages” represents a portion of the essay showing how the author shows us how he develops the importance of his mother to him, which is stated on the following phrase, “but those years I was away at boarding school grew more precious to her as her illness progressed”(457). The recipe is a combination of the mother’s current life, the conflicts and how she succeeds in gaining the strong relationship between her and her son and through these, the author relates to his mother.
Lee uses imagery to an extent where situations in the essay give the reader a better feeling of what is occurring. One reason why he uses imagery is to relate to his culture. An example of this is in the scene where he and his parents were in the motel, and the author opens the container with radish kimchi, as shown in the following sentence. “I opened a container of radish kimchi and suddenly the room bloomed with its odor, and I reveled in the very peculiar sensation of simultaneously drooling and gagging as I breathed it all in” (456). These images show how Lee’s culture gradually conquers the atmosphere of the room. The food served in Lee’s welcoming dinner, found on the third paragraph on page 456, shows images of how his mother tries to bring their culture back to Lee’s mind through serving authentic Korean dishes. Another purpose of imagery in the essay is to show the death of the author’s mother. “He then heard a strange sound from her, a kind of muffled chewing noise, as if something inside her were grinding its way out.” This sentence shows Lee’s mother’s death that shows imagery that creates a mourning atmosphere. Most of the images that Lee includes in his essay are representation of how his culture slowly comes back to his memory, and how his mother’s death affects him.
Lee created his essay to commemorate his mother. He includes the conflicts to show how he treats his mother, the recipe to symbolize his mother’s current life with him, and to show how he manages to have a better bond in their relationship, and specific images to give the readers a better feel of the situation. The author’s main point in putting some Korean food was made is to show how those things eventually brought him back to his culture, even though his culture changed while going to school in America. On the other hand, his objective of writing the procedures of making Kalbi in detail is to represent his relationship with his mother. With the use of first person point-of-view, symbolism and imagery, the author manifests his purpose of relating to his mother and his culture through a simple yet meaningful recipe called Kalbi and other Korean dishes mentioned in the essay.
Mind that the sample papers like Coming Home Again: Critical Analysis presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spensor's The Farie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce's Ulysses
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spensor's The Farie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce's Ulysses even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spensor's The Farie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce's Ulysses in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce’s Ulysses
Edmund Spenser’s epic catalogue of trees in Book 1 of The Faerie Queene (1.1.6-81), an interpolation that shows that Una and Red Cross Knight have, at this early point in the epic, a “narrow preoccupation with the things of this world to the exclusion of broader concerns” (Cheney 4), has precedents in the works of Chaucer and Ovid, as well as in the works of many lesser-known classical authors such as Lucan, Statius, Claudian and Seneca (Wurtsbaugh 56). Thus Spenser, in allowing Una and Red Cross two stanzas to not “see the forest for the trees” (Cheney 7), established himself as among a tradition of epic cataloguers who date back to Homer (Monaghan 5). Within The Faerie Queene, Spenser offers other minor catalogues (including a catalogue of sea monsters in stanzas -4 in canto 1 of Book II) as well as a few major ones, such as the canto-long catalogue of British Kings who “invade the narrative” of Book II (Freeman 64). Some years later, James Joyce, in his amalgamated modern epic / epic parody Ulysses, parodied Spenser’s tree catalogue with his own tree catalogue interpolation (1.166-15) in a chapter full of inflated parodic interpolations meant to place its mock-hero Leopold Bloom in “lonely isolation within a world given over to vast excesses” (Blamires 118). Spenser and Joyce’s epic tree catalogue interpolations both give their heroes / protagonists “‘invisible boundaries’” (Levine 6) that, once broken, place them both deeper into their perilous circumstances (Red Cross Knight and Una with Error in the Wood of Error; Bloom with the politically zealous anti-Semitic “citizen” in Barney Kiernan’s pub). This broad similarity, as well as other minor similarities present between Spenser and Joyce’s interpolations, shows how effectively a parody can illuminate its source material. A close analysis of Joyce’s parody of Spenser allows the reader of both to approach either with a “decoder ring” of sorts that opens up these particular passages of The Faerie Queene and Ulysses for a more complete understanding.
Una and Red Cross Knight, on the outset of their journey in The Faerie Queene, seeking shelter from a storm, “A shadie grove not far away they spide, / That promist ayde the tempest to withstand / Whose loftie trees yclad with sommers pride” (1.1.56-58). Once inside the “shadie grove,” Una and Red Cross, “with pleasure forward led” (1.1.64) “[did] prayse the trees, so straight and hy” (1.1.68). Spenser’s epic catalogue of twenty trees follows, arranged by height (Monaghan 5), and each praised not for their aesthetic qualities, but for their practicality (Freeman 65)
1. “The sayling Pine” [for shipbuilding (Gifford 5)]
. “the Cedar proud and tall” [Recalls Isaiah 1, “And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up” (Maclean 8).]
. “The vine-prop Elme” [“the elm supporting the vine” (Rabbeth )]
4. “the Poplar never dry”
5. “The builder Oake, sole king of forrests all”
6. “The Aspine good for staves [staffs]” [The aspen stands for lamentation (Gifford 5).]
7. “the Cypresse funerall” [Ovid’s tree catalogue in Metamorphoses directly precedes the story of Cyparissus, who was turned into a Cypress tree by Apollo after becoming inconsolable after killing a deer (Maclean 8).]
8. “The Laurell, meed [reward] of mightie Conquerours / And Poets sage” [with it they are crowned (Rabbeth )]
. “the Firre that weepeth still”
10. “The Willow worne of forlorne Paramours” [“worn by desolate, forlorn lovers” (Rabbeth )]
11. “The Eugh obedient to the benders will” [“the yew, of which bows are made” (Rabbeth )]
1. “The Birch for shaftes” [Arrows; the birch stands for meekness (Gifford 5).]
1. “the Sallow for the mill”
14. “The Mirrhe sweete bleeding in the bitter wound” [Myrrh is associated with Christ’s birth and thus (here) the wounds of his crucifixion (Maclean 8).]
15. “The warlike Beech” [Beech symbolizes prosperity (Gifford 5).]
16. “the Ash for nothing ill”
17. “The fruitfull Olive”
18. “and the Platane round”
1. “The carver Holme” [“Holly or holm-oak, both suitable for carving” (Logan et al. 61).]
0. “the Maple seeldom inward sound” (1.1.6-81)
Why did Spenser include such an interpolation? The simplest answer is that he is allowing Una and Red Cross some textual wandering time (one and a half stanzas) in which to get thoroughly lost in the Wood of Error (Freeman 64). It is, most certainly, considering the later discovery of the hideous Error, a “prelude to crisis” (Cheney 7) that can be considered, in its wordy tangle of virtues, a way for Spenser to portray that “the image of the wood is governed by the idea of mental confusion” (Freeman 64).
That Spenser’s tree catalogue is ripe for parody, despite its use as a portrayal of “mental confusion,” is only contextually evident. Joyce places his Spenserian parody in a context that makes his Red Cross and Una counterparts essentially the trees themselves, lavishly wed as a means to re-forest Ireland. This is accomplished as one of parodic interpolations / asides in the so-called “Cyclops” chapter of Ulysses (Chapter 1, so named because of its Homeric parallels) (Gifford 14). The Spenserian parody is cued, in the main narrative of “Cyclops,” by a discussion of the deforestation of Ireland at Barney Kiernan’s pub in Dublin. The mock-hero of Ulysses, Leopold Bloom, only “stick[s] in an odd word” (1.16) in the conversation, which is dominated by barflies John Wyse Nolan, Lenehan, and “The Citizen,” a nameless, anti-Semitic political zealot who can be seen as the “Error” counterpart in Joyce’s parody, later threatening Bloom with crucifixion. Joyce’s Spenserian parody is built on four key phrases in the dialogue, which I have noted in italics
�As treeless as Portugal we’ll be soon, says John Wyse, or Heligoland with its one tree if something is not done to reafforest the land. Larches, firs, all the trees of the conifer family are going fast. I was reading a report of lord Castletown’s …
�Save them, says the citizen, the giant ash of Galway and the chieftain elm of Kildare with a fortyfoot bole and an acre of foliage. Save the trees of Ireland for the future men of Ireland on the fair hills of Eire, O.
�Europe has its eyes on you, says Lenehan. (1.158-165)
These four phrases serve as building blocks on which Joyce generates his parody. His parodic interpolation is in the style of both an epic and a journalistic international “society page” (hence “reading a report” and “Europe has its eyes on you”) reporting what Joyce himself called the “Forester’s Wedding” (-----). The intent of the “Forester’s Wedding” is, indeed, to “Save the trees of Ireland” by the tree “procreation” that will come from the marriage. The Una counterpart in Joyce’s parody is literally a member of the “conifer family”�“Miss Fir Conifer of Pine Valley” (1.168-6). Red Cross becomes John Wyse Nolan, or rather “Jean Wyse de Neaulan, grand high chief ranger of the Irish National Foresters” (1.167).
Mind that the sample papers like An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spensor's The Farie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce's Ulysses presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spenser’s The Faerie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce’s Ulysses
Edmund Spenser’s epic catalogue of trees in Book 1 of The Faerie Queene (1.1.6-81), an interpolation that shows that Una and Red Cross Knight have, at this early point in the epic, a “narrow preoccupation with the things of this world to the exclusion of broader concerns” (Cheney 4), has precedents in the works of Chaucer and Ovid, as well as in the works of many lesser-known classical authors such as Lucan, Statius, Claudian and Seneca (Wurtsbaugh 56). Thus Spenser, in allowing Una and Red Cross two stanzas to not “see the forest for the trees” (Cheney 7), established himself as among a tradition of epic cataloguers who date back to Homer (Monaghan 5). Within The Faerie Queene, Spenser offers other minor catalogues (including a catalogue of sea monsters in stanzas -4 in canto 1 of Book II) as well as a few major ones, such as the canto-long catalogue of British Kings who “invade the narrative” of Book II (Freeman 64). Some years later, James Joyce, in his amalgamated modern epic / epic parody Ulysses, parodied Spenser’s tree catalogue with his own tree catalogue interpolation (1.166-15) in a chapter full of inflated parodic interpolations meant to place its mock-hero Leopold Bloom in “lonely isolation within a world given over to vast excesses” (Blamires 118). Spenser and Joyce’s epic tree catalogue interpolations both give their heroes / protagonists “‘invisible boundaries’” (Levine 6) that, once broken, place them both deeper into their perilous circumstances (Red Cross Knight and Una with Error in the Wood of Error; Bloom with the politically zealous anti-Semitic “citizen” in Barney Kiernan’s pub). This broad similarity, as well as other minor similarities present between Spenser and Joyce’s interpolations, shows how effectively a parody can illuminate its source material. A close analysis of Joyce’s parody of Spenser allows the reader of both to approach either with a “decoder ring” of sorts that opens up these particular passages of The Faerie Queene and Ulysses for a more complete understanding.
Una and Red Cross Knight, on the outset of their journey in The Faerie Queene, seeking shelter from a storm, “A shadie grove not far away they spide, / That promist ayde the tempest to withstand / Whose loftie trees yclad with sommers pride” (1.1.56-58). Once inside the “shadie grove,” Una and Red Cross, “with pleasure forward led” (1.1.64) “[did] prayse the trees, so straight and hy” (1.1.68). Spenser’s epic catalogue of twenty trees follows, arranged by height (Monaghan 5), and each praised not for their aesthetic qualities, but for their practicality (Freeman 65)
1. “The sayling Pine” [for shipbuilding (Gifford 5)]
. “the Cedar proud and tall” [Recalls Isaiah 1, “And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up” (Maclean 8).]
. “The vine-prop Elme” [“the elm supporting the vine” (Rabbeth )]
4. “the Poplar never dry”
5. “The builder Oake, sole king of forrests all”
6. “The Aspine good for staves [staffs]” [The aspen stands for lamentation (Gifford 5).]
7. “the Cypresse funerall” [Ovid’s tree catalogue in Metamorphoses directly precedes the story of Cyparissus, who was turned into a Cypress tree by Apollo after becoming inconsolable after killing a deer (Maclean 8).]
8. “The Laurell, meed [reward] of mightie Conquerours / And Poets sage” [with it they are crowned (Rabbeth )]
. “the Firre that weepeth still”
10. “The Willow worne of forlorne Paramours” [“worn by desolate, forlorn lovers” (Rabbeth )]
11. “The Eugh obedient to the benders will” [“the yew, of which bows are made” (Rabbeth )]
1. “The Birch for shaftes” [Arrows; the birch stands for meekness (Gifford 5).]
1. “the Sallow for the mill”
14. “The Mirrhe sweete bleeding in the bitter wound” [Myrrh is associated with Christ’s birth and thus (here) the wounds of his crucifixion (Maclean 8).]
15. “The warlike Beech” [Beech symbolizes prosperity (Gifford 5).]
16. “the Ash for nothing ill”
17. “The fruitfull Olive”
18. “and the Platane round”
1. “The carver Holme” [“Holly or holm-oak, both suitable for carving” (Logan et al. 61).]
0. “the Maple seeldom inward sound” (1.1.6-81)
Why did Spenser include such an interpolation? The simplest answer is that he is allowing Una and Red Cross some textual wandering time (one and a half stanzas) in which to get thoroughly lost in the Wood of Error (Freeman 64). It is, most certainly, considering the later discovery of the hideous Error, a “prelude to crisis” (Cheney 7) that can be considered, in its wordy tangle of virtues, a way for Spenser to portray that “the image of the wood is governed by the idea of mental confusion” (Freeman 64).
That Spenser’s tree catalogue is ripe for parody, despite its use as a portrayal of “mental confusion,” is only contextually evident. Joyce places his Spenserian parody in a context that makes his Red Cross and Una counterparts essentially the trees themselves, lavishly wed as a means to re-forest Ireland. This is accomplished as one of parodic interpolations / asides in the so-called “Cyclops” chapter of Ulysses (Chapter 1, so named because of its Homeric parallels) (Gifford 14). The Spenserian parody is cued, in the main narrative of “Cyclops,” by a discussion of the deforestation of Ireland at Barney Kiernan’s pub in Dublin. The mock-hero of Ulysses, Leopold Bloom, only “stick[s] in an odd word” (1.16) in the conversation, which is dominated by barflies John Wyse Nolan, Lenehan, and “The Citizen,” a nameless, anti-Semitic political zealot who can be seen as the “Error” counterpart in Joyce’s parody, later threatening Bloom with crucifixion. Joyce’s Spenserian parody is built on four key phrases in the dialogue, which I have noted in italics
�As treeless as Portugal we’ll be soon, says John Wyse, or Heligoland with its one tree if something is not done to reafforest the land. Larches, firs, all the trees of the conifer family are going fast. I was reading a report of lord Castletown’s …
�Save them, says the citizen, the giant ash of Galway and the chieftain elm of Kildare with a fortyfoot bole and an acre of foliage. Save the trees of Ireland for the future men of Ireland on the fair hills of Eire, O.
�Europe has its eyes on you, says Lenehan. (1.158-165)
These four phrases serve as building blocks on which Joyce generates his parody. His parodic interpolation is in the style of both an epic and a journalistic international “society page” (hence “reading a report” and “Europe has its eyes on you”) reporting what Joyce himself called the “Forester’s Wedding” (-----). The intent of the “Forester’s Wedding” is, indeed, to “Save the trees of Ireland” by the tree “procreation” that will come from the marriage. The Una counterpart in Joyce’s parody is literally a member of the “conifer family”�“Miss Fir Conifer of Pine Valley” (1.168-6). Red Cross becomes John Wyse Nolan, or rather “Jean Wyse de Neaulan, grand high chief ranger of the Irish National Foresters” (1.167).
Mind that the sample papers like An Analysis of the Epic Tree Catalogue in Spensor's The Farie Queene and the Illustrative Effects of its Parody in Joyce's Ulysses presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
ada
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like ada even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like ada in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
fkla sdjf ldsj fklas klfas dfa Mind your 401(k) in M&A
October 6, 000 8 a.m. ET
When your company is bought out, your options are likely to change
By Staff Writer Jeanne Sahadi
NEW YORK (CNNfn) - Another day, another merger. Except this time its your company in the headlines. How you do your job may or may not be affected. But your benefits very well may, particularly your 401(k). And it pays to keep abreast of the changes.
Otherwise, you may find yourself paying unexpected fees, investing in funds you dont want, wondering what happened to your company stock or being prevented from taking a withdrawal or loan when you planned to.
Bigger plans may mean more choice
Theres no one formula for how 401(k)s are handled in a merger. But more and more, merging companies are merging their 401(k)s into one, said Mary Ann Arlt, a vice president and consulting attorney for ASA, an employee benefits consulting firm. And often that means one plan is absorbed into another.
WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN YOUR PLAN IS MERGED
• There will be a quiet period when you cannot make withdrawals or loans.
• Investment options may be mapped into the new plan.
• You may have to re-enroll in the new plan.
• You may have to sell company stock from your old plan.
• Plan loans often can be transferred to the new plan.
Thats not necessarily a bad deal for employees. When plans merge, the asset base grows significantly, giving the combined company more bargaining power with plan providers to offer greater investment choice at lower cost.
And rest assured, no matter what the provisions of the new plan, all of the money you contributed to your old 401(k), all of the employer matches that have vested in your account and the earnings that have accrued, cannot be taken from you, said David Wray, president of the 401(k)/Profit Sharing Council of America.
But certain decisions made by the investment committee and company management will affect your money.
Mapping new terrain
For instance, when your account is transferred from one plan to another, your investment choices are mapped, meaning if you are invested in an aggressive growth fund and a mid-cap value fund, the investment committee will designate which funds under the new plan most closely match your old choices.
Its a fiduciary decision, Arlt said.
Sometimes, those mapping decisions may not be exact. Weve had situations where its not a direct match, said Tom Rossi, a defined-contribution-plan consultant with human resources research firm Watson Wyatt Worldwide.
In some cases you may be given the option to review this mapping before the transfer and decide if you would rather put your money into other funds in the plan at the time of rollover. If you do nothing, your money will automatically be put into the funds the investment committee selects.
Thats why you have to stay on top of these things, Arlt said.
Of course, once ensconced in the new plan, you may make further investment changes as you see fit.
One choice you are not likely to have is the option of rolling over money from your old 401(k) into an IRA. That usually requires separation of service through death, retirement or the securing of a new job. Just because your company or division is being merged does not necessarily constitute separation of service.
Mind the gap
Keep in mind, no merger takes place overnight. That means that even after your company and its new bedfellow join forces, your old plan may still be in effect for up to two years, although one year is more common, Rossi said.
QUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUT YOUR 401(K) IN A MERGER
• Can I choose my investments in the new plan before my money is transferred?
• Am I eligible to participate in the new plan?
• What is the new matching formula?
• What is the plans vesting schedule?
• Will my old plan be terminated and if so, when?
• What will happen to any outstanding loans from the old plan?
While you may still contribute to your old account during this interim period, be sure to check when the plan will be terminated officially and know whether the funds you wish to invest in before that time impose any early withdrawal fees, Arlt said.
In other words, if you know your money will be transferred into the new plan in 60 days and the fund you want to invest in imposes a penalty for withdrawals made within the first 0 days, you would do better to forego the investment in that particular fund.
They dont waive the fees, Arlt said.
You should also be aware of the quiet or blackout period during which the plan transfer takes place. Your money probably wont be out of the market for more than 48 hours at most, but you may not be able to withdraw from or make loans on that pool of money for a period of up to six to eight weeks, Arlt said.
MARK DOWN THE QUIET PERIOD ON YOUR CALENDAR
Money from your old 401(k) probably wont be out of the market for more than 48 hours at most when it is being transferred to the new plan, but you may not be able to withdraw from or make loans on that money for a period of up to six to eight weeks.
That doesnt necessarily mean you cant put money into the new plan during that time or carry out withdrawal or loan activities on that new pool of money. But that will depend on whether you need to re-enroll and whether you will be subject to different eligibility and vesting schedules under the new plan.
New plan, new rules
Often, if you are eligible to participate in the 401(k) at your old company, you will be entitled to do so at the newly merged employer. But you may need to sign up again for the privilege before you begin contributing under the new plan.
In some cases, however, you may need to sit on the sidelines for awhile until you become eligible again because prior service is not recognized under the new plan.
Or, while you may be eligible, the vesting period � the time you must work at a company before youre allowed to walk away with employer matches � may be longer. This new vesting schedule would only apply to matches going forward under the new plan, not to those that have already vested under your old plan.
Keep in mind, too, the matching formula itself also might be altered, for better or worse.
Whether the changes compare favorably to your old plan or not, Theres not much you can do, Arlt said, except know what your options are and make your plans accordingly.
Of loans and stock
That advice also applies to any outstanding loans you may have in your old 401(k).
Normally when a plan terminates, all outstanding loans become due immediately. But often, Rossi said, where there is a trust-to-trust transfer, there is a loan-transfer provision as well, meaning if you continue to work at the merged company, you can keep paying off the loan under the new plan.
Things get more complicated when a division of a company is bought out and the old plan continues to exist but the division employees either must shift their participation to the new plan or choose which plan they want. In that case, if you have an outstanding loan, ask your benefits department what options you have.
If you own any stock from the company of the acquired division, you may be forced to sell it, since the acquiring company may not wish to have that investment in its plan.
Sometimes the stock is sold around the time of the plan-asset transfer and rolled into your new account as cash, Rossi said. But in some instances the new employer will let you hold onto the stock for a certain period, say 18 months, during which time you get to decide when to sell. If you dont do so within that sunset period, it will be sold for you, Arlt said.
Take some comfort in trends
You may not be a fan of your companys merger or its potential near-term consequences � the corporate culture wars, power plays and confusion about whos doing what for whom.
But there may be at least one silver lining. Unless you work for a large company that sells your division to a smaller firm with a less generous retirement plan, the competitive marketplace is on your side when it comes to large 401(k)s.
All companies are having trouble keeping employees, Arlt said, noting that 401(k)s are one good retention tool in the war for talent. So the trend overall is toward shorter eligibility and vesting periods, greater investment choice and more attractive matching formulas. The bigger the company, usually, the more bargaining power for better benefits.
But its hard to take full advantage of your benefits, especially when theyre in transition, if you dont know what the new rules and requirements are.
Employers should be providing timely communication on these things, Arlt said. Be sure to read them.
If they dont, Wray said, You should be persistent in asking questions until youre fully satisfied you understand whats happening.
Mind that the sample papers like ada presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
fkla sdjf ldsj fklas klfas dfa Mind your 401(k) in M&A
October 6, 000 8 a.m. ET
When your company is bought out, your options are likely to change
By Staff Writer Jeanne Sahadi
NEW YORK (CNNfn) - Another day, another merger. Except this time its your company in the headlines. How you do your job may or may not be affected. But your benefits very well may, particularly your 401(k). And it pays to keep abreast of the changes.
Otherwise, you may find yourself paying unexpected fees, investing in funds you dont want, wondering what happened to your company stock or being prevented from taking a withdrawal or loan when you planned to.
Bigger plans may mean more choice
Theres no one formula for how 401(k)s are handled in a merger. But more and more, merging companies are merging their 401(k)s into one, said Mary Ann Arlt, a vice president and consulting attorney for ASA, an employee benefits consulting firm. And often that means one plan is absorbed into another.
WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN YOUR PLAN IS MERGED
• There will be a quiet period when you cannot make withdrawals or loans.
• Investment options may be mapped into the new plan.
• You may have to re-enroll in the new plan.
• You may have to sell company stock from your old plan.
• Plan loans often can be transferred to the new plan.
Thats not necessarily a bad deal for employees. When plans merge, the asset base grows significantly, giving the combined company more bargaining power with plan providers to offer greater investment choice at lower cost.
And rest assured, no matter what the provisions of the new plan, all of the money you contributed to your old 401(k), all of the employer matches that have vested in your account and the earnings that have accrued, cannot be taken from you, said David Wray, president of the 401(k)/Profit Sharing Council of America.
But certain decisions made by the investment committee and company management will affect your money.
Mapping new terrain
For instance, when your account is transferred from one plan to another, your investment choices are mapped, meaning if you are invested in an aggressive growth fund and a mid-cap value fund, the investment committee will designate which funds under the new plan most closely match your old choices.
Its a fiduciary decision, Arlt said.
Sometimes, those mapping decisions may not be exact. Weve had situations where its not a direct match, said Tom Rossi, a defined-contribution-plan consultant with human resources research firm Watson Wyatt Worldwide.
In some cases you may be given the option to review this mapping before the transfer and decide if you would rather put your money into other funds in the plan at the time of rollover. If you do nothing, your money will automatically be put into the funds the investment committee selects.
Thats why you have to stay on top of these things, Arlt said.
Of course, once ensconced in the new plan, you may make further investment changes as you see fit.
One choice you are not likely to have is the option of rolling over money from your old 401(k) into an IRA. That usually requires separation of service through death, retirement or the securing of a new job. Just because your company or division is being merged does not necessarily constitute separation of service.
Mind the gap
Keep in mind, no merger takes place overnight. That means that even after your company and its new bedfellow join forces, your old plan may still be in effect for up to two years, although one year is more common, Rossi said.
QUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUT YOUR 401(K) IN A MERGER
• Can I choose my investments in the new plan before my money is transferred?
• Am I eligible to participate in the new plan?
• What is the new matching formula?
• What is the plans vesting schedule?
• Will my old plan be terminated and if so, when?
• What will happen to any outstanding loans from the old plan?
While you may still contribute to your old account during this interim period, be sure to check when the plan will be terminated officially and know whether the funds you wish to invest in before that time impose any early withdrawal fees, Arlt said.
In other words, if you know your money will be transferred into the new plan in 60 days and the fund you want to invest in imposes a penalty for withdrawals made within the first 0 days, you would do better to forego the investment in that particular fund.
They dont waive the fees, Arlt said.
You should also be aware of the quiet or blackout period during which the plan transfer takes place. Your money probably wont be out of the market for more than 48 hours at most, but you may not be able to withdraw from or make loans on that pool of money for a period of up to six to eight weeks, Arlt said.
MARK DOWN THE QUIET PERIOD ON YOUR CALENDAR
Money from your old 401(k) probably wont be out of the market for more than 48 hours at most when it is being transferred to the new plan, but you may not be able to withdraw from or make loans on that money for a period of up to six to eight weeks.
That doesnt necessarily mean you cant put money into the new plan during that time or carry out withdrawal or loan activities on that new pool of money. But that will depend on whether you need to re-enroll and whether you will be subject to different eligibility and vesting schedules under the new plan.
New plan, new rules
Often, if you are eligible to participate in the 401(k) at your old company, you will be entitled to do so at the newly merged employer. But you may need to sign up again for the privilege before you begin contributing under the new plan.
In some cases, however, you may need to sit on the sidelines for awhile until you become eligible again because prior service is not recognized under the new plan.
Or, while you may be eligible, the vesting period � the time you must work at a company before youre allowed to walk away with employer matches � may be longer. This new vesting schedule would only apply to matches going forward under the new plan, not to those that have already vested under your old plan.
Keep in mind, too, the matching formula itself also might be altered, for better or worse.
Whether the changes compare favorably to your old plan or not, Theres not much you can do, Arlt said, except know what your options are and make your plans accordingly.
Of loans and stock
That advice also applies to any outstanding loans you may have in your old 401(k).
Normally when a plan terminates, all outstanding loans become due immediately. But often, Rossi said, where there is a trust-to-trust transfer, there is a loan-transfer provision as well, meaning if you continue to work at the merged company, you can keep paying off the loan under the new plan.
Things get more complicated when a division of a company is bought out and the old plan continues to exist but the division employees either must shift their participation to the new plan or choose which plan they want. In that case, if you have an outstanding loan, ask your benefits department what options you have.
If you own any stock from the company of the acquired division, you may be forced to sell it, since the acquiring company may not wish to have that investment in its plan.
Sometimes the stock is sold around the time of the plan-asset transfer and rolled into your new account as cash, Rossi said. But in some instances the new employer will let you hold onto the stock for a certain period, say 18 months, during which time you get to decide when to sell. If you dont do so within that sunset period, it will be sold for you, Arlt said.
Take some comfort in trends
You may not be a fan of your companys merger or its potential near-term consequences � the corporate culture wars, power plays and confusion about whos doing what for whom.
But there may be at least one silver lining. Unless you work for a large company that sells your division to a smaller firm with a less generous retirement plan, the competitive marketplace is on your side when it comes to large 401(k)s.
All companies are having trouble keeping employees, Arlt said, noting that 401(k)s are one good retention tool in the war for talent. So the trend overall is toward shorter eligibility and vesting periods, greater investment choice and more attractive matching formulas. The bigger the company, usually, the more bargaining power for better benefits.
But its hard to take full advantage of your benefits, especially when theyre in transition, if you dont know what the new rules and requirements are.
Employers should be providing timely communication on these things, Arlt said. Be sure to read them.
If they dont, Wray said, You should be persistent in asking questions until youre fully satisfied you understand whats happening.
Mind that the sample papers like ada presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, July 12, 2012
What Is A Non-Profit Organization
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like What Is A Non-Profit Organization even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like What Is A Non-Profit Organization in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
What is a nonprofit organization? A nonprofit is a tax-exempt organization that serves the public interest. The purpose of a nonprofit organization is to be charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. Nonprofit organizations do not declare a profit. They utilize all their revenue available, after paying normal operating expenses, to serve the public’s interest. A nonprofit organization can be unincorporated or incorporated. An unincorporated nonprofit cannot be given federal tax-exempt status. When a nonprofit organization is incorporated, it has many similar characteristics with corporations that are for profit. The main difference is that nonprofit organizations do not have shareholders. When a nonprofit organization is given a tax-exempt status, it is exempt from paying federal income taxes. Most state and local taxes, property tax and tax on assets are also exempt. This is not always the case. Some states have different rules. Nonprofit organizations have paid and volunteer staff. They can have clients, can offer products and services, they have a need for revenue, they can advertise their business, and they also must be concerned with overall customer satisfaction. Customers can be those they assist or those who contribute donations to support their operation, programs and services. Nonprofit is still a business that must serve the public’s interest. There is a perception that working for a nonprofit organization is limiting yourself as far as salary. This is true in most cases, but universities, hospitals, and large national charities are examples of organizations that can be “nonprofit” but have pay scales similar to any for-profit corporation. CEOs of major hospitals can earn as much as $500,000 to over $1,000,000 in salaries and bonuses. University presidents can make similar salaries. However, local training centers and food banks will be places where a lower salary will be supplemented by payment from personal satisfaction that you helped a person learn to read or a family to have enough food for each person to eat a decent meal.
Children Now is the type of organization that was just described. They are a research and action organization dedicated to assuring that children grow up in economically secure families, where parents can go to work and be confident that their children are supported by quality healthcare coverage, a positive media environment, a good education early on, and safe, enriching after school activities that they can participate in. Their programs reach parents, lawmakers, concerned citizens, business, media and community leaders. These various partnerships have brought about positive changes for children. Children Now was founded in 188. It has been a leader in developing new strategies and ways to move children up as a higher priority on the nation’s agenda. Children Now is recognized for its policy expertise and its up-to-date information on the status of children, as well as its outstanding work with the media to improve the ways that new coverage of children is presented. Their accomplishments include a reform to the California’s child support system and new children’s health care benefits. They have had award-winning media campaigns that were designed to motivate and help individuals to make a difference for children; and higher quality coverage of children’s issues in the media. This is being done by ongoing work and convening of media leaders. Recognized for its expertise in media as tool for change, Children Now designs its strategies to improve children’s lives while at the same time helping America build a sustained commitment to putting children first. They are able to be an effective and independent voice for children because of the generous support from their many donors. Children Now is a private, 501 (c) nonprofit charity. They are financed through foundation grants, individual donations, and support from the corporate community.
Mind that the sample papers like What Is A Non-Profit Organization presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
What is a nonprofit organization? A nonprofit is a tax-exempt organization that serves the public interest. The purpose of a nonprofit organization is to be charitable, educational, scientific, religious or literary. Nonprofit organizations do not declare a profit. They utilize all their revenue available, after paying normal operating expenses, to serve the public’s interest. A nonprofit organization can be unincorporated or incorporated. An unincorporated nonprofit cannot be given federal tax-exempt status. When a nonprofit organization is incorporated, it has many similar characteristics with corporations that are for profit. The main difference is that nonprofit organizations do not have shareholders. When a nonprofit organization is given a tax-exempt status, it is exempt from paying federal income taxes. Most state and local taxes, property tax and tax on assets are also exempt. This is not always the case. Some states have different rules. Nonprofit organizations have paid and volunteer staff. They can have clients, can offer products and services, they have a need for revenue, they can advertise their business, and they also must be concerned with overall customer satisfaction. Customers can be those they assist or those who contribute donations to support their operation, programs and services. Nonprofit is still a business that must serve the public’s interest. There is a perception that working for a nonprofit organization is limiting yourself as far as salary. This is true in most cases, but universities, hospitals, and large national charities are examples of organizations that can be “nonprofit” but have pay scales similar to any for-profit corporation. CEOs of major hospitals can earn as much as $500,000 to over $1,000,000 in salaries and bonuses. University presidents can make similar salaries. However, local training centers and food banks will be places where a lower salary will be supplemented by payment from personal satisfaction that you helped a person learn to read or a family to have enough food for each person to eat a decent meal.
Children Now is the type of organization that was just described. They are a research and action organization dedicated to assuring that children grow up in economically secure families, where parents can go to work and be confident that their children are supported by quality healthcare coverage, a positive media environment, a good education early on, and safe, enriching after school activities that they can participate in. Their programs reach parents, lawmakers, concerned citizens, business, media and community leaders. These various partnerships have brought about positive changes for children. Children Now was founded in 188. It has been a leader in developing new strategies and ways to move children up as a higher priority on the nation’s agenda. Children Now is recognized for its policy expertise and its up-to-date information on the status of children, as well as its outstanding work with the media to improve the ways that new coverage of children is presented. Their accomplishments include a reform to the California’s child support system and new children’s health care benefits. They have had award-winning media campaigns that were designed to motivate and help individuals to make a difference for children; and higher quality coverage of children’s issues in the media. This is being done by ongoing work and convening of media leaders. Recognized for its expertise in media as tool for change, Children Now designs its strategies to improve children’s lives while at the same time helping America build a sustained commitment to putting children first. They are able to be an effective and independent voice for children because of the generous support from their many donors. Children Now is a private, 501 (c) nonprofit charity. They are financed through foundation grants, individual donations, and support from the corporate community.
Mind that the sample papers like What Is A Non-Profit Organization presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The organization as an open system
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The organization as an open system even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The organization as an open system in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The Organization as an Open System
There are two types of systems Open and Closed. Closed system is one that is self contained and isolated from its environment Closed system is exist only in theory.
An Open system influences and is influenced by the environment through the process of interdependency, which results in dynamic equilibrium. The Open system is in continual interaction with its environment and therefore achieves a steady state of Dynamic Equilibrium.
The Organization as a Sociotechnical System
Organize around process not tasks
• Flatten the hierarchy
• Use teams to manage everything
• Let customers drive performance
• Reward team performance
Changes in any one process of the organization can have effects throughout the organization because all processes are related.
The structural subsystem
The technical Subsystem
The Psychosocial Subsystem (culture)
The Goals and Values Subsystem
The Managerial Subsystem
High Performance Systems
High performance model focuses on five key variables that need to be considered if managers wish to improve performance.
The business situation (forces in the environment)
The business strategy ( the goals and values)
The design elements (technology, structure, and so on..)
The culture
The business results (the outputs produced)
These models can be used to identify the real drivers of organizational success used in organization development and renewal programs to improve system performance.
The Contingency Approach
The contingency approach suggests that there is no one best way of managing in all situations. The contingency approach identifies various types of “if then” relationships and suggests general directions for change, depending on the situation.
The contingency view suggests that managers in differing departmental units face situations that may be very different on a number of dimensions. There may be varying degrees of structures, differing motivation levels, and a diverse potential conflict.
Future Shock and Change
Future shock is a time phenomenon, a product of a greatly accelerated rate of change in society. Future Shock, too much change in too short time, affects managers and organizations as well.
The corporate planners and top managers, the environment has never seemed as turbulent as it does today. The very uncertainties, from the cloudy economic outlook to the energy crisis, make accurate planning for the future much more difficult. In such a rapidly changing environment, some plans are out of date within three to six months.
The world is constantly changing in economics, social values, and technology and these changes seem to have accelerated in recent years.
Individuals within organizations are affected by change. No longer satisfied to be passive members, individuals increasingly assert their right to change the organization for their own reasons.
The shift in the United States from an industrially based economy to a technologically based economy is creating a state of turbulent change, both for workers and corporations. These changing trends will have a significant impact on organizations, as managers are developing new organizational models and finding novel ways of motivating employees. As a result managers will need to scan the environment to be aware of issues that will have a major impact on their industry or organization.
The organization must adapt to these changing conditions. Each day brings a new set of conditions. Product and market strategies need to be more flexible and must depend upon raw material logistics and the ability of company to recognize the need for change.
Organization Transformation and Development
Organization Transformation (OT) is defined as the action of changing organization form, shape, or appearance, or changing organization energy from one from another. The term OT has been used to focus on unplanned changes from within the system in response to crises and life cycle conditions.
Organization development focuses on planned changes introduced by external consultants often of a first order nature.
OD or the Planned Change Process
It is a deliberate attempt to modify the functioning of the total organization or one of its major parts in order to bring about improved effectiveness. Change leader is the person who attempts to bring this change. Client system is the organization that subjected to be change.
Individual Effectiveness Organization Effectiveness can be increased by creating a culture that achieves organizational goals and at the same time satisfies members’ needs. Empowering the individual employee by letting workers make decisions can often improve quality, productivity, and employee commitment.
High powered executive development programs are also essential.
Team Effectiveness Organizations are moving toward what are termed “high involvement” or “self managed” work teams. Activities are designed to improve the operations of work teams and may focus on task activities, what the team does, or they may deal with team process, how the team works and the quality of relationships among team members. More effective teams may increase work motivation, improve performance, and decrease turnover and absenteeism.
Process Observation It is the technique of examining groups. To examine a group two thing should be pointed out
Content
Process
Group process includes such factors as leadership, decision making, communication, and conflict. The conflict is what is being discussed; the process is how the group operates.
Organization Effectiveness The total organization may be examined by use of climate surveys Planned change programs are then designed to deal with the specific problem areas identified in the survey.
Yucel Yildirim
Mind that the sample papers like The organization as an open system presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Organization as an Open System
There are two types of systems Open and Closed. Closed system is one that is self contained and isolated from its environment Closed system is exist only in theory.
An Open system influences and is influenced by the environment through the process of interdependency, which results in dynamic equilibrium. The Open system is in continual interaction with its environment and therefore achieves a steady state of Dynamic Equilibrium.
The Organization as a Sociotechnical System
Organize around process not tasks
• Flatten the hierarchy
• Use teams to manage everything
• Let customers drive performance
• Reward team performance
Changes in any one process of the organization can have effects throughout the organization because all processes are related.
The structural subsystem
The technical Subsystem
The Psychosocial Subsystem (culture)
The Goals and Values Subsystem
The Managerial Subsystem
High Performance Systems
High performance model focuses on five key variables that need to be considered if managers wish to improve performance.
The business situation (forces in the environment)
The business strategy ( the goals and values)
The design elements (technology, structure, and so on..)
The culture
The business results (the outputs produced)
These models can be used to identify the real drivers of organizational success used in organization development and renewal programs to improve system performance.
The Contingency Approach
The contingency approach suggests that there is no one best way of managing in all situations. The contingency approach identifies various types of “if then” relationships and suggests general directions for change, depending on the situation.
The contingency view suggests that managers in differing departmental units face situations that may be very different on a number of dimensions. There may be varying degrees of structures, differing motivation levels, and a diverse potential conflict.
Future Shock and Change
Future shock is a time phenomenon, a product of a greatly accelerated rate of change in society. Future Shock, too much change in too short time, affects managers and organizations as well.
The corporate planners and top managers, the environment has never seemed as turbulent as it does today. The very uncertainties, from the cloudy economic outlook to the energy crisis, make accurate planning for the future much more difficult. In such a rapidly changing environment, some plans are out of date within three to six months.
The world is constantly changing in economics, social values, and technology and these changes seem to have accelerated in recent years.
Individuals within organizations are affected by change. No longer satisfied to be passive members, individuals increasingly assert their right to change the organization for their own reasons.
The shift in the United States from an industrially based economy to a technologically based economy is creating a state of turbulent change, both for workers and corporations. These changing trends will have a significant impact on organizations, as managers are developing new organizational models and finding novel ways of motivating employees. As a result managers will need to scan the environment to be aware of issues that will have a major impact on their industry or organization.
The organization must adapt to these changing conditions. Each day brings a new set of conditions. Product and market strategies need to be more flexible and must depend upon raw material logistics and the ability of company to recognize the need for change.
Organization Transformation and Development
Organization Transformation (OT) is defined as the action of changing organization form, shape, or appearance, or changing organization energy from one from another. The term OT has been used to focus on unplanned changes from within the system in response to crises and life cycle conditions.
Organization development focuses on planned changes introduced by external consultants often of a first order nature.
OD or the Planned Change Process
It is a deliberate attempt to modify the functioning of the total organization or one of its major parts in order to bring about improved effectiveness. Change leader is the person who attempts to bring this change. Client system is the organization that subjected to be change.
Individual Effectiveness Organization Effectiveness can be increased by creating a culture that achieves organizational goals and at the same time satisfies members’ needs. Empowering the individual employee by letting workers make decisions can often improve quality, productivity, and employee commitment.
High powered executive development programs are also essential.
Team Effectiveness Organizations are moving toward what are termed “high involvement” or “self managed” work teams. Activities are designed to improve the operations of work teams and may focus on task activities, what the team does, or they may deal with team process, how the team works and the quality of relationships among team members. More effective teams may increase work motivation, improve performance, and decrease turnover and absenteeism.
Process Observation It is the technique of examining groups. To examine a group two thing should be pointed out
Content
Process
Group process includes such factors as leadership, decision making, communication, and conflict. The conflict is what is being discussed; the process is how the group operates.
Organization Effectiveness The total organization may be examined by use of climate surveys Planned change programs are then designed to deal with the specific problem areas identified in the survey.
Yucel Yildirim
Mind that the sample papers like The organization as an open system presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
EU Enlargement
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like EU Enlargement even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like EU Enlargement in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
By adopting the policies of the EU, individuals and business entities of the postulant nations will also be able to enjoy the benefits offered under the European Network Policy. The Policy seeks to improve transport infrastructures, boosting trading competitiveness. A successful example of such support is Ireland, whose road networks were dramatically improved under the terms of the policy. The area now receives unprecedented attention from companies wishing to invest in it’s thriving economy i.e. Hewlett Packard. One acceding nation already receiving support from the EU is Poland. The European Investment Bank is lending €00 million to the Polish state-owned airports authority, Przedsiebiortwo Porty Lotnicze to help pay for a new passenger terminal at Warsaw International Airport. The new terminal will double the existing capacity and deal with expected growth up until 010. With the acceding nations placed on the eastern peripheries of the union, such investment to link them with their western counterparts will be welcomed as a method of extending trading links. It is anticipated that further infrastructure regeneration will be needed to establish effective trading links between the eastern and western peripheries.
In conclusion it appears that accession into the European Union will eventually prove profitable to the stability and trading effectiveness of the 10 acceding nations. However, the process of transformation will be lengthy with many casualties, such as organisations unable to cope with the demands of the market economy. For the individuals of these states the benefits bestowed by policies such as the Social Charter and the eradication of employment boundaries can only serve to promote living standards in these depressed regions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reference To Web Site Articles
Harding, Gareth. th April 00. EU Parliament Oks Eastern Enlargement [Online]. Available from http//web5.in…/purl=rcl_ITOF_0_A100070578&dyn=!xrn_15_0_A100070578?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
Parker, George. 6th November 00. More Cash Offered To Clinch EU Englargement - Finance Deal Net Cost Put At Euros 1.BN [Online]. Available from http//web5.I…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ46587&dyn=1!xrn_7_0_CJ46587?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
Voyle, Susanna. nd December 00. Tesco Urges EU Englargement [Online]. http//web5.I…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ4740505&dyn=1!xrn_5_0_CJ4740505?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
Watson, Rory. 6th November 00. Bigger Is Not Always Better [Online]. Available from http//web5.I…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ465415&dyn=1!xrn__0_CJ465415?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
BBC News. 17th February 00. Q&A EU Copenhagen Summit [Online]. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6685.stm [Accessed 1st May 00]
BBC News. 4th December 00. Farmers March Against EU Offer [Online]. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/54711.stm [Accessed 8th April 00]
OHalloran, Marie. 14th January 00. EU Enlargement Will Cost Ireland Just Two MEPs [Online]. Available from http//web5.inf…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ64140&dyn=!xrn_18_0_CJ64140?sw_aep=westsuffolk. [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. rd March 00. Enlargement Set To Hold Europes Single Market Back [Online]. Available from http//web5.info…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ84067&dyn=!xrn__0_CJ84067?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 1th June 00. Financial Impact of EU Enlargement [Online]. Available from …/pv?PRG=CALDOC&FILE=0061&LANGUE=EN&TPV=EDEF&LASTCHAP=11&SDOCTA. [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 1th June 00. Enlargement and Agriculture [Online]. Available from …/pv?PRG=CALDOC&FILE=0061&LANGUE=EN&TPV=DEF&LASTCHAP=11&SDOCTA. [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 8th April 00. Enlargement And The Euro [Online]. Available from http//www.euractiv.com/cg…/404648-458?targ=5&714&1015=&1014=en_emu&-tt=ELEU&-s= [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 0th November 00. Enlargement Progress Report for 001 [Online]. Available from …/pv?PRG=CALDOC&TPV=PROV&FILE=0110&TXTLST=1&POS=1&LASTCHAP=1&SDO [Accessed on 1st May 00]
European Parliament. Undated. Enlargment of The European Union [Online]. Available from http//www.europarl.eu.int/enlargement_new/comm/default_en.htm [Accessed 1st May 00]
BBC News. th October 00. The EUs Uneven New Contingent [Online]. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1465.stm [Accessed 1st May 00]
The European Commission. Unknown. Implications of Enlargement For Northern Ireland [Online]. Available from http//www.cec.org.uk/ni/enlarge/index.htm [Accessed 5th May 00]
The Irish Times. 6th March 00. EU Enlargement [Online]. Available from http//web5.info…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ18861&dyn=!xrn_7_0_CJ18861?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 0th April 00]
Reference To Journal Articles
Unknown. 001. Joining The West. The Economist. Pgs 10-1 inclusive
Unknown. 001. The Wealth Effect. The Economist. Pgs 1-14 inclusive.
Unknown. 001. End Game. The Economist. Pgs 14-16 inclusive
Unknown. 001. Reasons of State. The Economist. Pgs 5- inclusive
Unknown. 00. Westward, Look, The Land Is Bright. The Economist. Pgs 5-8 inclusive
Mind that the sample papers like EU Enlargement presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
By adopting the policies of the EU, individuals and business entities of the postulant nations will also be able to enjoy the benefits offered under the European Network Policy. The Policy seeks to improve transport infrastructures, boosting trading competitiveness. A successful example of such support is Ireland, whose road networks were dramatically improved under the terms of the policy. The area now receives unprecedented attention from companies wishing to invest in it’s thriving economy i.e. Hewlett Packard. One acceding nation already receiving support from the EU is Poland. The European Investment Bank is lending €00 million to the Polish state-owned airports authority, Przedsiebiortwo Porty Lotnicze to help pay for a new passenger terminal at Warsaw International Airport. The new terminal will double the existing capacity and deal with expected growth up until 010. With the acceding nations placed on the eastern peripheries of the union, such investment to link them with their western counterparts will be welcomed as a method of extending trading links. It is anticipated that further infrastructure regeneration will be needed to establish effective trading links between the eastern and western peripheries.
In conclusion it appears that accession into the European Union will eventually prove profitable to the stability and trading effectiveness of the 10 acceding nations. However, the process of transformation will be lengthy with many casualties, such as organisations unable to cope with the demands of the market economy. For the individuals of these states the benefits bestowed by policies such as the Social Charter and the eradication of employment boundaries can only serve to promote living standards in these depressed regions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reference To Web Site Articles
Harding, Gareth. th April 00. EU Parliament Oks Eastern Enlargement [Online]. Available from http//web5.in…/purl=rcl_ITOF_0_A100070578&dyn=!xrn_15_0_A100070578?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
Parker, George. 6th November 00. More Cash Offered To Clinch EU Englargement - Finance Deal Net Cost Put At Euros 1.BN [Online]. Available from http//web5.I…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ46587&dyn=1!xrn_7_0_CJ46587?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
Voyle, Susanna. nd December 00. Tesco Urges EU Englargement [Online]. http//web5.I…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ4740505&dyn=1!xrn_5_0_CJ4740505?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
Watson, Rory. 6th November 00. Bigger Is Not Always Better [Online]. Available from http//web5.I…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ465415&dyn=1!xrn__0_CJ465415?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 8th April 00]
BBC News. 17th February 00. Q&A EU Copenhagen Summit [Online]. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6685.stm [Accessed 1st May 00]
BBC News. 4th December 00. Farmers March Against EU Offer [Online]. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/54711.stm [Accessed 8th April 00]
OHalloran, Marie. 14th January 00. EU Enlargement Will Cost Ireland Just Two MEPs [Online]. Available from http//web5.inf…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ64140&dyn=!xrn_18_0_CJ64140?sw_aep=westsuffolk. [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. rd March 00. Enlargement Set To Hold Europes Single Market Back [Online]. Available from http//web5.info…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ84067&dyn=!xrn__0_CJ84067?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 1th June 00. Financial Impact of EU Enlargement [Online]. Available from …/pv?PRG=CALDOC&FILE=0061&LANGUE=EN&TPV=EDEF&LASTCHAP=11&SDOCTA. [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 1th June 00. Enlargement and Agriculture [Online]. Available from …/pv?PRG=CALDOC&FILE=0061&LANGUE=EN&TPV=DEF&LASTCHAP=11&SDOCTA. [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 8th April 00. Enlargement And The Euro [Online]. Available from http//www.euractiv.com/cg…/404648-458?targ=5&714&1015=&1014=en_emu&-tt=ELEU&-s= [Accessed 1st May 00]
Unknown. 0th November 00. Enlargement Progress Report for 001 [Online]. Available from …/pv?PRG=CALDOC&TPV=PROV&FILE=0110&TXTLST=1&POS=1&LASTCHAP=1&SDO [Accessed on 1st May 00]
European Parliament. Undated. Enlargment of The European Union [Online]. Available from http//www.europarl.eu.int/enlargement_new/comm/default_en.htm [Accessed 1st May 00]
BBC News. th October 00. The EUs Uneven New Contingent [Online]. Available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1465.stm [Accessed 1st May 00]
The European Commission. Unknown. Implications of Enlargement For Northern Ireland [Online]. Available from http//www.cec.org.uk/ni/enlarge/index.htm [Accessed 5th May 00]
The Irish Times. 6th March 00. EU Enlargement [Online]. Available from http//web5.info…/purl=rcl_SP01_0_CJ18861&dyn=!xrn_7_0_CJ18861?sw_aep=westsuffolk [Accessed 0th April 00]
Reference To Journal Articles
Unknown. 001. Joining The West. The Economist. Pgs 10-1 inclusive
Unknown. 001. The Wealth Effect. The Economist. Pgs 1-14 inclusive.
Unknown. 001. End Game. The Economist. Pgs 14-16 inclusive
Unknown. 001. Reasons of State. The Economist. Pgs 5- inclusive
Unknown. 00. Westward, Look, The Land Is Bright. The Economist. Pgs 5-8 inclusive
Mind that the sample papers like EU Enlargement presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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